Type of evidence | Paper reference and setting | Dixon-Woods et al. [42] appraisal prompts for informing judgments about quality | Relevance/Rigor | Study design | Methodological strengths | Focus | Effects networks | Processes | Factors | Types of links | Parameters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||
Qualitative | Alvarado et al. [48]. Barbados (USA) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/yes | Descriptive study, semi-structured interviews | Well-described participants, provides quotes that reflect the results. | Women between 25 and 35 years, BMI equal or greater 25, not pregnant. | +/− | Social support, homophily, social modelling, diffusion, social comparison, social pressure, natural communication | Socio-cultural, psychosocial, technological, sociodemographic, environmental | Sport contacts, family, friends |  |
Kennedy et al. [49]. Bulgaria, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and UK | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Qualitative study, biographical interviews. | Well-described aims, sampling and recruitment and provides quotes that reflect the results | Individuals with T2DM in deprived or marginalized circumstances | +/− | Social support, social pressure, homophily | Socio-cultural, psychosocial, environmental | Healthcare professionals, community, family, friends |  | |
Forthofer et al. [50]. South Carolina (USA) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, focus groups | Well-described sample and analysis | Population older than 18 years old. | + | Social support, social modelling, social pressure, diffusion | Environmental, socio-cultural, psychosocial | Family, community | Tie strength | |
Knutsen et al. [51]. Bulgaria, Greece, Norway, Spain and UK | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, semi-structured interviews | Well-described methods, provides quotes that reflect the results | Individuals with T2DM from areas of high deprivation | +/− | Social support, social pressure, isolation | Socio-cultural, sociodemographic | Family, friends, community |  | |
Ali et al. [52]. United Arab Emirates | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, focus groups | Well-described data collection, theoretical saturation, provides quotes that reflect the results | Emirati national women, 18 years old and older with no previous diagnosis of diabetes + abdominal obesity | +/− | Homophily | Psychosocial, socio-cultural, clinical, environmental | Healthcare professionals, Housekeeping |  | |
Mama et al. [53]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, in -depth interviews | Theoretical saturation, provides quotes that reflect the results | Women middle-aged, obese and high socioeconomic status | – | Social pressure, social modelling, social support, homophily | Psychosocial, socio-cultural, environmental, sociodemographic | Neighbours, family |  | |
Robertson et al. [54]. Australia | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, in- depth interviews, semi-structured interviews and focus groups | Theoretical saturation, provides quotes that reflect the results | Overweight adults | +/− | Social pressure, social comparison, social support | Psychosocial, sociodemographic, socio-cultural | Friends, family |  | |
Sriram et al. [55]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, focus groups | Provides quotes that reflect the results | Midlife and older adults | +/− | Social support, social comparison, isolation, social pressure, social modelling, diffusion | Socio-cultural, environmental, sociodemographic, psychosocial | Family, friends, community, pets |  | |
Daborn et al. [56]. United Kingdom | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, face to face in-depth interviews | Well-defined methods, provides quotes that reflect the results | Middle-aged low-income men | + | Social comparison, social support. | Psychosocial, socio-cultural, environmental, sociodemographic | Family | Â | |
Bell et al. [57]. New Zealand | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, semi-structured interviews | Provides quotes that reflect the results | Indigenous adults | + | Social support | Socio-cultural | Family | Â | |
Mixed-methods | Procter et al. [58]. United Kingdom | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial and semi-structured interviews | Well-defined methods, provides quotes that reflect the results | Adults employees | +/− | Social support, diffusion, natural communication, social pressure | Sociodemographic, psychosocial, socio-cultural | Healthcare professionals, community |  |
Vassilev et al. [59]. Greece, Spain, Bulgaria, Norway, United Kingdom, and Netherlands | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Yes/Yes | Cross-sectional observational study and interviews | Well-defined methods and analysis | Adult patients with T2DM | +/− |  | Sociodemographic, psychosocial | Healthcare professionals |  | |
Koetsenruijter et al. [18]. Bulgaria, Greece, Netherlands, Norway, Spain and UK. | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Observational study (interviews and questionnaires) | Well described methods and analysis | Patients with T2DM | + | Social support | Sociodemographic | Family, community organizations | Â | |
Quantitative | O’Malley et al. [60]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, network survey | Well-defined methods | Adults | + |  |  | Friends | Tie strength, degree |
Conklin et al. [61]. United Kingdom | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, questionnaires | Well described sample and analysis | Adults from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer | +/− | Social support, isolation, | Sociodemographic | Family | Tie strength | |
Mötteli et al. [62]. Switzerland | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, cross-sectional study (egocentric network approach) | Well described aims and well-defined methods | Female adults | +/− | Homophily, social pressure. | Socio-cultural | Family | Tie strength | |
Barclay et al. [63]. Sweden | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, logistic regressions using egocentric network data | Well-defined methods and analysis, well described aims | Adults | + | Homophily | Â | Friends | Tie strength | |
Winston et al. [64]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, cross-sectional examination of egocentric network data | Well described analysis | Black Hispanic adults with BMI more or equal 25 | + | Social support | Â | Family, co-workers | Size of the network, tie strength | |
Becofsky et al. [65]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, questionnaires | Well-described methods | Adult patients | + | Social support | Â | Family, friends | Size of network | |
Shakya et al. [45]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, longitudinal survey | Well described statistical analysis | American adults | +/− | Social comparison | Socio-cultural, psychosocial |  |  | |
Rancourt et al. [66]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, ecological momentary assessment | Well-defined methods | Overweight young adult women | + | Social comparison | Â | Friends | Â | |
Leahey et al. [27]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Randomized trial | Well-defined methods and procedures | Adults with overweight or obesity | +/− | Homophily, | Socio-cultural | Family | Tie strength, size of network | |
Hempler et al. [67]. Denmark | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, cross-sectional surveys | Well-described analysis | Individuals with T1DM and T2DM | Â | Â | Clinical | Â | Â | |
Christakis and Fowler [68]. USA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Yes/Yes | Descriptive study, longitudinal social network analysis | Well-described analysis | Adults | +/− | Homophily | Sociodemographic | Friends | Degree of separation, social distance |