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Table 2 Extraction form

From: Social network influences and the adoption of obesity-related behaviours in adults: a critical interpretative synthesis review

Type of evidence

Paper reference and setting

Dixon-Woods et al. [42] appraisal prompts for informing judgments about quality

Relevance/Rigor

Study design

Methodological strengths

Focus

Effects networks

Processes

Factors

Types of links

Parameters

1

2

3

4

5

Qualitative

Alvarado et al. [48]. Barbados (USA)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/yes

Descriptive study, semi-structured interviews

Well-described participants, provides quotes that reflect the results.

Women between 25 and 35 years, BMI equal or greater 25, not pregnant.

+/−

Social support, homophily, social modelling, diffusion, social comparison, social pressure, natural communication

Socio-cultural, psychosocial, technological, sociodemographic, environmental

Sport contacts, family, friends

 

Kennedy et al. [49]. Bulgaria, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and UK

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Qualitative study, biographical interviews.

Well-described aims, sampling and recruitment and provides quotes that reflect the results

Individuals with T2DM in deprived or marginalized circumstances

+/−

Social support, social pressure, homophily

Socio-cultural, psychosocial, environmental

Healthcare professionals, community, family, friends

 

Forthofer et al. [50]. South Carolina (USA)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, focus groups

Well-described sample and analysis

Population older than 18 years old.

+

Social support, social modelling, social pressure, diffusion

Environmental, socio-cultural, psychosocial

Family, community

Tie strength

Knutsen et al. [51]. Bulgaria, Greece, Norway, Spain and UK

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, semi-structured interviews

Well-described methods, provides quotes that reflect the results

Individuals with T2DM from areas of high deprivation

+/−

Social support, social pressure, isolation

Socio-cultural, sociodemographic

Family, friends, community

 

Ali et al. [52]. United Arab Emirates

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, focus groups

Well-described data collection, theoretical saturation, provides quotes that reflect the results

Emirati national women, 18 years old and older with no previous diagnosis of diabetes + abdominal obesity

+/−

Homophily

Psychosocial, socio-cultural, clinical, environmental

Healthcare professionals, Housekeeping

 

Mama et al. [53]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, in -depth interviews

Theoretical saturation, provides quotes that reflect the results

Women middle-aged, obese and high socioeconomic status

–

Social pressure, social modelling, social support, homophily

Psychosocial, socio-cultural, environmental, sociodemographic

Neighbours, family

 

Robertson et al. [54]. Australia

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, in- depth interviews, semi-structured interviews and focus groups

Theoretical saturation, provides quotes that reflect the results

Overweight adults

+/−

Social pressure, social comparison, social support

Psychosocial, sociodemographic, socio-cultural

Friends, family

 

Sriram et al. [55]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, focus groups

Provides quotes that reflect the results

Midlife and older adults

+/−

Social support, social comparison, isolation, social pressure, social modelling, diffusion

Socio-cultural, environmental, sociodemographic, psychosocial

Family, friends, community, pets

 

Daborn et al. [56]. United Kingdom

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, face to face in-depth interviews

Well-defined methods, provides quotes that reflect the results

Middle-aged low-income men

+

Social comparison, social support.

Psychosocial,

socio-cultural, environmental,

sociodemographic

Family

 

Bell et al. [57]. New Zealand

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, semi-structured interviews

Provides quotes that reflect the results

Indigenous adults

+

Social support

Socio-cultural

Family

 

Mixed-methods

Procter et al. [58]. United Kingdom

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial and semi-structured interviews

Well-defined methods, provides quotes that reflect the results

Adults employees

+/−

Social support, diffusion, natural communication, social pressure

Sociodemographic, psychosocial, socio-cultural

Healthcare professionals, community

 

Vassilev et al. [59]. Greece, Spain, Bulgaria, Norway, United Kingdom, and Netherlands

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Yes/Yes

Cross-sectional observational study and interviews

Well-defined methods and analysis

Adult patients with T2DM

+/−

 

Sociodemographic, psychosocial

Healthcare professionals

 

Koetsenruijter et al. [18]. Bulgaria, Greece, Netherlands, Norway, Spain and UK.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Observational study (interviews and questionnaires)

Well described methods and analysis

Patients with T2DM

+

Social support

Sociodemographic

Family, community organizations

 

Quantitative

O’Malley et al. [60]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, network survey

Well-defined methods

Adults

+

  

Friends

Tie strength, degree

Conklin et al. [61]. United Kingdom

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, questionnaires

Well described sample and analysis

Adults from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer

+/−

Social support, isolation,

Sociodemographic

Family

Tie strength

Mötteli et al. [62]. Switzerland

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, cross-sectional study (egocentric network approach)

Well described aims and well-defined methods

Female adults

+/−

Homophily, social pressure.

Socio-cultural

Family

Tie strength

Barclay et al. [63]. Sweden

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, logistic regressions using egocentric network data

Well-defined methods and analysis, well described aims

Adults

+

Homophily

 

Friends

Tie strength

Winston et al. [64]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, cross-sectional examination of egocentric network data

Well described analysis

Black Hispanic adults with BMI more or equal 25

+

Social support

 

Family, co-workers

Size of the network, tie strength

Becofsky et al. [65]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, questionnaires

Well-described methods

Adult patients

+

Social support

 

Family, friends

Size of network

Shakya et al. [45]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, longitudinal survey

Well described statistical analysis

American adults

+/−

Social comparison

Socio-cultural, psychosocial

  

Rancourt et al. [66]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, ecological momentary assessment

Well-defined methods

Overweight young adult women

+

Social comparison

 

Friends

 

Leahey et al. [27]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Randomized trial

Well-defined methods and procedures

Adults with overweight or obesity

+/−

Homophily,

Socio-cultural

Family

Tie strength, size of network

Hempler et al. [67]. Denmark

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, cross-sectional surveys

Well-described analysis

Individuals with T1DM and T2DM

  

Clinical

  

Christakis and Fowler [68]. USA

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Yes/Yes

Descriptive study, longitudinal social network analysis

Well-described analysis

Adults

+/−

Homophily

Sociodemographic

Friends

Degree of separation, social distance