From: Economic burden of migraine in Latvia and Lithuania: direct and indirect costs
Study | Methodology | Sample | Migraine type | Health care resource utilization covered | Detailedness of data |
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Bloudek et al. [28] | Web-based survey in 5 EU countries (IBMS-I). Participants had to report the frequency of visits to various health care professionals occurring over the preceding 3 months for headache treatment or diagnostic evaluation. | 5655 (UK 1070; France 1461; Germany 1449; Italy 976; Spain 699) | Participants with CM (n = 276) and EM (n = 5379) is. CM: ≥15 MHDs; EM: < 15 MHDs. | Primary care physician visits Neurologist/headache specialist visits Nurse practitioner/physician assistant visits Other specialist visits Emergency room visits Hospitalizations Diagnostic testing Blood tests Botulinum toxin A injections Transcutaneous nerve stimulator Acupuncture Occipital nerve block procedures | Proportion of participants reporting one or more visits or diagnostic evaluation among the patients in the category (patients with CM vs EM) in a particular country. Mean number of events of those reporting one or more visits or diagnostic evaluation. |
Stokes et al. [29] | Web-based survey in North-America (IBMS-I). Participants had to report the frequency of visits to various health care professionals occurring over the preceding 3 months for headache treatment or diagnostic evaluation. Participants also had to report medications used over the preceding 4 weeks. | 1886 (USA 1205; Canada 681) | Participants with CM (n = 159) and EM (n = 1727) is. CM: ≥15 MHDs; EM: < 15 MHDs | Primary care physician visits Neurologist/headache specialist visits Nurse practitioner/physician assistant visits Other specialist and health professional visits (obstetrician/gynaecologist, pain specialist, psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker) Emergency room visits Hospitalizations Diagnostic tests (MRI, CT, EEG, ECG, X-ray) Blood tests Botulinum toxin A injections Transcutaneous nerve stimulator Acupuncture Occipital nerve block procedures Preventive, acute and other medication | Proportion of participants reporting 0,1, 2 and 3+ visits or diagnostic evaluation among the patients in the category (patients with CM vs EM) in a particular country. Proportion of participants using preventive, acute headache therapy or other medications among the patients in the category (patients with CM vs EM) in a particular country. Mean days of medication usage. |
Blumenfeld et al. [30] | Web-based survey in nine developed countries (IBMS-I). Participants had to report the frequency of visits to various health care professionals occurring over the preceding 3 months for headache treatment. | 8726 (Australia 516; Canada 681; France 1461; Germany 1449; Italy 975; Spain 701; Taiwan 667; UK 1070; USA 1205) | Participants with CM (n = 499) and EM (n = 8277) is treated separately. CM: ≥15 MHDs; EM: < 15 MHDs. | Primary care provider visits (including visits to primary care, nurse practitioners, and physician assistant providers) Neurologist/headache specialist visits Emergency department visits Hospital visits Emergency department and hospital visits | Proportion of participants reporting one or more visits among the patients in the category (patients with CM vs EM) in the sample. Mean number of visits of those reporting one or more visits. Data is not split by country. |
Sanderson et al. [31] | Web-based survey in six developed countries (IBMS-II). Participants had to report the frequency of visits to various health care professionals occurring over the preceding 3 months for headache treatment. Participants also had to report medications ever tried and currently used. | 1165 (USA 431; Canada 105; France 168; UK 157; Germany 193; Australia 113) | Participants with CM (n = 493) and EM (n = 672) is treated separately. CM: ≥15 MHDs; EM: < 15 MHDs. | Any health care provider visit Have a typical headache care provider Emergency department visit Hospitalization Migraine preventive agents ever tried Migraine preventive currently used Migraine acute agents ever tried Migraine acute currently used | Proportion of participants reporting one or more visits among the patients in the category (patients with CM vs EM) in a particular country. (Mean number of events of those reporting one or more visits is not reported.) Proportion of participants who have ever tried particular number of preventive and acute agents. Proportion of participants who use preventive agents. Type of migraine preventive and acute agents currently used. Medication usage is reported in each category (patients with CM vs EM) in a particular country. |
Vo et al. [27] | Data from the 2016 National Health and Wellness Survey is used in 5 EU countries. Migraine respondents were propensity score matched with non-migraine controls. Participants had to report the frequency of visits to various health care professionals in the past 6 months. | 218 patients with migraine, 218 patients without migraine. (France 39; Germany 59; UK 67; Italy 31; Spain 22) | Migraine is defined as ≥4 MHDs. Subsamples cover EM (4–7 and 8–14 MHDs) and CM (≥15 MHDs). | Any health care provider visits General/ family practitioner visits Neurologist visits Psychiatrist visits Emergency department visits Hospitalizations | Proportion of participants reporting one or more visits among the patients in the category (patients with vs without migraine) and in the subsamples (4–7, 8–14 and ≥ 15 MHDs). Mean number of visits in the category (patients with vs without migraine) and in the subsamples (4–7, 8–14 and ≥ 15 MHDs). Data is not split by country. |
Martelletti et al. [32] | Cross-sectional, multi-country online survey among adults. Oversampling of patients with prophylactic treatment failure defined as change in preventive medication. | 11,266 respondents from 31 countries | Migraine is defined as ≥4 MHDs. Subsamples cover migraineurs with one and two or more prophylactic treatment failure. | General practitioner visits Neurologist visits Pharmacist visit Headache specialist visit Dentist visit Physiotherapist visit Psychologist and psychiatrist visit Emergency department visits Hospitalizations Brain scan | Proportion of participants reporting one or more visits. Mean number of visits is reported only for emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and brain scans. |