Sexual behaviors and seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV among hill tribe youths of Northern Thailand

Apidechkul, Tawatchai

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7459-9

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Comparison of risk behaviors among tribes

From: Sexual behaviors and seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV among hill tribe youths of Northern Thailand

Characteristics	Akha		Lahu		Hmong		Yao		Karen		Lisu		χ²	p-value
Characteristics	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ²	p-value
Total	449	33.9	207	15.6	215	16.2	177	13.4	160	12.1	117	8.8	N/A	N/A
Smoking
Yes	64	33.3	44	22.9	20	10.4	14	7.3	28	14.6	22	11.5	21.45	0.001*
No	385	34.0	163	14.4	195	17.2	163	14.4	132	11.7	95	8.4
Alcohol use
Yes	84	28.3	57	19.2	35	11.8	38	12.8	49	16.5	34	11.4	20.58	0.001*
No	365	35.5	180	17.5	180	17.5	139	13.5	111	10.8	83	8.1
Methamphetamine use
Yes	18	51.4	4	11.4	4	11.4	1	2.9	6	17.1	2	5.7	N/A	N/A
No	431	33.4	203	15.7	221	16.4	176	13.6	154	11.9	115	8.9
Heroin use
Yes	10	43.5	7	30.4	4	17.4	0	0.0	1	4.3	1	4.3	N/A	N/A
No	439	33.7	200	15.4	211	16.2	177	13.6	159	12.2	116	8.9
Crystal Methamphetamine use
Yes	10	50.0	4	20.0	3	15.0	0	0.0	2	10.0	1	5.0	N/A	N/A
No	439	33.6	203	15.6	212	16.2	177	13.6	158	12.1	116	8.9
Opium use
Yes	9	42.9	5	23.8	3	14.3	0	0.0	3	14.3	1	4.8	N/A	N/A
No	440	33.7	202	15.5	212	16.3	177	13.6	157	12.0	116	8.9
Marijuana use
Yes	25	41.7	8	13.3	6	10.0	10	16.7	9	15.0	2	3.3	5.90	0.306
No	424	33.5	199	15.7	209	16.5	167	13.2	151	11.9	115	9.1
Tattooed
Yes	74	39.4	36	19.1	23	12.2	24	12.8	16	8.5	15	8.0	8.37	0.137
No	375	33.0	171	15.0	192	16.9	153	13.5	144	12.7	102	9.0
Ear piercing
Yes	285	35.1	134	16.5	131	16.1	100	12.3	92	11.3	71	8.7	4.65	0.460
No	164	32.0	73	14.3	84	16.4	77	15.0	68	13.3	46	9.0
History of blood transfusion
Yes	18	36.0	12	24.0	5	10.0	1	2.0	8	16.0	6	12.0	N/A	N/A
No	431	33.8	195	15.3	210	16.5	176	13.8	152	11.9	111	8.7
History of organ transplants
Yes	6	54.5	4	36.4	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	9.1	0	0.0	N/A	N/A
No	443	33.7	203	15.4	215	16.4	117	13.5	159	12.1	117	8.9
History of medical surgery
Yes	48	29.8	30	18.6	27	16.8	16	9.9	20	12.4	20	12.4	6.29	0.278
No	401	34.5	177	15.2	188	16.2	161	13.8	140	12.0	97	8.3
Injection from illegal practitioners
Yes	23	43.4	12	22.6	3	5.7	5	9.4	3	5.7	7	13.2	10.72	0.057^a
No	426	33.5	195	15.3	212	16.7	172	13.5	157	12.3	110	8.6
Acupuncture
Yes	6	23.1	8	30.8	4	15.4	1	3.8	3	11.5	4	15.4	7.91	0.161^a
No	443	34.1	199	15.3	211	16.2	176	13.5	157	12.1	113	8.7
Shared a toothbrush
Yes	88	33.0	31	11.6	48	18.0	42	15.7	35	13.1	23	8.6	5.88	0.318
No	361	34.1	176	16.6	167	15.8	135	12.8	125	11.8	94	8.9
History of hepatitis B vaccination
Yes	44	37.9	12	10.0	19	16.4	16	13.8	14	12.1	11	9.5	16.02	0.381
No	174	36.6	71	14.9	70	14.7	67	14.1	52	10.9	42	8.8
Not sure	136	31.4	66	15.2	81	18.7	48	11.1	60	13.9	42	9.7
Unknown	95	31.7	58	19.3	45	15.0	46	15.3	34	11.3	22	7.3
Family history of hepatitis B
Yes	8	25.8	8	25.8	8	25.8	7	22.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	34.23	0.003*
No	3000	37.6	115	14.4	112	14.1	109	13.7	91	11.4	70	8.8
Not sure	60	32.4	28	15.1	33	17.8	22	11.9	21	11.4	21	11.4
Unknown	81	26.0	56	17.9	62	19.9	39	12.5	48	15.4	26	8.3
Work experience outside the village
Yes	50	35.0	29	30.3	13	9.1	14	9.8	25	17.5	12	8.4	17.94	0.003*
No	201	29.0	81	11.7	119	17.2	122	17.6	105	15.2	65	9.4
Work experience abroad
Yes	3	3.0	3	30.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	40.0	N/A	N/A
No	248	30.0	107	13.0	132	16.0	136	16.5	130	15.7	73	8.8

N/A No statistical analysis available
^*Significance level at α =0.05
^aFisher’s exact test

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