Table 3 Fixed-effect negative binomial models for adjusted associations between Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) coverage on county population and under-5 mortality rate for some relevant group of causes, 2009–2014, Ecuador
Mortality rate caused by diarrheal diseases | Mortality rate caused by malnutrition | Mortality rate caused by lower respiratory infections | Mortality rate caused by external causes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intermediate and high quality criterion | High quality criterion | Intermediate and high quality criterion | High quality criterion | Intermediate and high quality criterion | High quality criterion | Intermediate and high quality criterion | High quality criterion | |
RR adjusted (95% CI) | RR adjusted (95% CI) | RR adjusted (95% CI) | RR adjusted (95% CI) | RR adjusted (95% CI) | RR adjusted (95% CI) | RR adjusted (95% CI) | RR adjusted (95% CI) | |
BDH coverage on county population | 1.007 (0.987–1.027) | 0.999 (0.971–1.028) | 0.971 (0.953–0.989) | 0.952 (0.922–0.983) | 0.992 (0.984–0.999) | 0.991 (0.980–1.003) | 0.999 (0.982–1.015) | 1.002 (0.982–1.022) |
Hospitalization rate (per 1000 inhabitants) | 1.009 (0.991–1.027) | 0.992 (0.968–1.017) | 1.002 (0.976–1.029) | 0.991 (0.955–1.028) | 0.996 (0.987–1.006) | 1.000 (0.988–1.013) | 0.9945 (0.977–1.013) | 0.992 (0.969–1.016) |
Income per person (monthly, in USD) | 0.999 (0.999–1.000) | 1.002 (0.999–1.004) | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.998 (0.992–1.005) | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 1.000 (0.999–1.002) | 1.000 (0.999–1.000) | 0.999 (0.998–1.001) |
Proportion of households with inadequate sanitation (%) | 1.013 (0.953–1.062) | 1.044 (0.965–1.130) | 1.085 (0.950–1.240) | 0.965 (0.827–1.126) | 1.050 (0.995–1.108) | 1.052 (0.996–1.110) | 1.034 (0.954–1.120) | 1.083 (0.990–1.184) |
Rate of individuals older than 15 years who are illiterate | 1.042 (0.890–1.219) | 1.031 (0.737–1.443) | 0.858 (0.561–1.312) | 0.940 (0.526–1.678) | 1.106 (0.896–1.366) | 1.499 (0.993–2.263) | 0.833 (0.684–1.015) | 0.574 (0.357–0.923) |
Total fertility rate | 1.122 (0.206–6.112) | 0.445 (0.037–5.340) | 7.802 (0.663–91.795) | 4.385 (0.120–159.713) | 0.851 (0.283–2.560) | 0.312 (0.058–1.675) | 0.334 (0.045–2.479) | 2.298 (0.168–31.507) |
Hospital bed rate (per 1000 inhabitants) | 1.120 (0.815–1.538) | 1.305 (0.838–2.032) | 0.857 (0.498–1.473) | 0.582 (0.271–1.251) | 0.968 (0.818–1.145) | 0.798 (0.636–1.002) | 1.096 (0.796–1.509) | 0.998 (0.637–1.565) |
Physicians rate (per 10,000 inhabitants) | 0.959 (0.898–1.023) | 0.990 (0.910–1.076) | 0.926 (0.862–0.994) | 0.983 (0.896–1.079) | 1.012 (0.984–1.041) | 1.001 (0.963–1.041) | 0.970 (0.923–1.020) | 0.958 (0.903–1.017) |
Time (year) | 0.880 (0.776–0.998) | 0.824 (0.697–0.973) | 0.940 (0.932–0.990) | 0.952 (0.922–0.983) | 0.918 (0.837–1.008) | 0.991 (0.980–1.003) | 0.9080.795–1.039) | 0.995 (0.989–1.005) |
Number of observations | 552 | 300 | 468 | 258 | 792 | 408 | 624 | 360 |
Number of counties | 92 | 50 | 78 | 43 | 132 | 68 | 104 | 60 |