Table 2 Fixed-effect negative binomial models for association between Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) coverage and under-5 mortality rate, 2009–2014, Ecuador

BDH coverage on eligible population

1.002 (1.001–1.004)

1.000 (0.998–1.002)

1.003 (1.001–1.004)

0.999 (0.997–1.002)

BDH coverage on county population

1.004 (1.002–1.006)

1.000 (0.997–1.003)

1.005 (1.002–1.008)

0.998 (0.993–1.002)

Hospitalization rate (per 1000 inhabitants)

1.001 (0.998–1.004)

1.000 (0.998–1.004)

1.001 (0.997–1.006)

1.001 (0.997–1.006)

Income per person (monthly, in USD)

1.000 (0.999–1.000)

1.000 (0.999–1.000)

1.000 (1.000–1.001)

1.001 (1.000–1.001)

Proportion of households with inadequate sanitation (%)

1.009 (0.985–1.034)

1.009 (0.985–1.034)

1.010 (0.984–1.038)

1.010 (0.983–1.037)

Rate of individuals older than 15 years who are illiterate

1.023 (0.955–1.096)

1.024 (0.956–1.097)

1.168 (1.027–1.329)

1.170 (1.028–1.332)

Total fertility rate

1.351 (0.932–1.958)

1.353 (0.933–1.962)

0.839 (0.494–1.424)

0.853 (0.502–1.449)

Hospital bed rate (per 1000 inhabitants)

0.992 (0.936–1.053)

0.993 (0.936–1.054)

0.952 (0.875–1.036)

0.949 (0.872–1.033)

Physicians rate (per 10,000 inhabitants)

1.003 (0.993–1.012)

1.003 (0.993–1.012)

0.995 (0.982–1.008)

0.996 (0.983–1.008)

Time (year)

0.992 (0.959–1.026)

0.993 (0.962–1.025)

0.982 (0.942–1.023)

0.977 (0.937–1.019)

Number of observations

864

864

864

432

432

432

Number of counties

144

144

144

72

72

72