Relationships between area-level socioeconomic status and urbanization with active transportation, independent mobility, outdoor time, and physical activity among Canadian children

Table 5 Relationship between area-level SES and type of urbanization in weekend day outdoor time

Independent variables	Dependent variable: weekend day outdoor time (≤2 h (ref) vs. > 2 h)
	Girls			Boys
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p
Fixed Parts
(Intercept)	1.05	0.63–1.73	0.863	0.78	0.44–1.40	0.411
School SES: low (ref: high)	0.48	0.32–0.71	< 0.001	0.63	0.41–0.97	0.034
Site: Vancouver (ref: Ottawa)	0.73	0.47–1.15	0.174	0.83	0.49–1.40	0.491
Site: Trois-Rivières	1.63	0.97–2.74	0.065	2.08	1.16–3.72	0.014
Type of urbanization: suburban (ref: urban)	1.36	0.87–2.13	0.177	0.76	0.46–1.26	0.291
Type of urbanization: rural	2.34	1.44–3.79	< 0.001	1.45	0.84–2.51	0.187
Parental education: high school or less (ref: University)	1.22	0.77–1.95	0.398	1.68	0.99–2.87	0.057
Parental education: college	1.53	1.08–2.19	0.018	1.52	1.04–2.23	0.032
Age in years (centered)	0.76	0.65–0.88	< 0.001	0.93	0.79–1.10	0.421
Car ownership: ≥ 2 cars (ref: ≤ 1 car)	0.86	0.63–1.16	0.321	1.23	0.87–1.74	0.231
Home ownership: yes (ref: no)	0.83	0.59–1.17	0.285	1.32	0.90–1.95	0.156
Random Parts
τ_{00, School_ID}	0.137			0.183
N_{School_ID}	37			37
ICC_{School_ID}	0.040			0.053
Observations	935			764
Tjur’s D	0.102			0.108
AIC	1242.057			1014.855
-2 Log-Likelihood	1218.057			990.855
Deviance	1182.387			953.839

CI confidence interval, p p-value, SES Socioeconomic status, τ₀₀ variance within the dependent variable between schools, N Number of schools, ICC Intraclass correlation coefficient, AIC Akaike information criterion

ISSN: 1471-2458