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Table 2 The results of univariate analysis on the influencing factors of depression in participants with diabetes mellitus

From: Risk factors for depression in elderly diabetic patients and the effect of metformin on the condition

 

OR

95.0% CI for OR

P

Lower

Upper

Kinds of hypoglycemic drugs

0.010

 No medication

Ref

   

 Metformin

0.506

0.299

0.856

0.011

 Other hypoglycemic drugs

1.003

0.576

1.748

0.990

Fasting blood-glucose

0.768

  < 7

Ref

   

 7~11.1

0.978

0.615

1.556

0.925

  > 11.1

0.817

0.463

1.443

0.486

HbA1c

0.170

  < 7

Ref

   

 7~9

0.718

0.449

1.147

0.166

  > 9

0.563

0.269

1.177

0.127

BMI

0.015

  < 24

Ref

   

 24~28

2.106

1.269

3.493

0.004

  ≥ 28

1.484

0.743

2.965

0.263

Education

0.098

 Primary and below

Ref

   

 Middle school

1.430

0.762

2.685

0.265

 College and above

2.156

1.051

4.425

0.036

Companion

 Absent

Ref

   

 Present

0.882

0.488

1.595

0.678

Pension

 Absent

Ref

   

 Present

1.648

0.836

3.246

0.149

Sleep duration

0.103

 6~8

Ref

   

  < 6

1.617

1.020

2.563

0.041

  > 8

0.854

0.290

2.512

0.774

Physical ability and activity

 Good

Ref

   

 Poor

2.717

1.753

4.211

0.000

Tobacco use

0.610

 Never

Ref

   

 Current

1.036

0.506

2.121

0.923

 Former

1.533

0.645

3.647

0.334

Alcohol use

0.120

 Never

Ref

   

 Current

2.022

1.025

3.991

0.042

 Former

0.971

0.196

4.815

0.971

Number of additional illnesses

0.000

 0

Ref

   

 1~2

1.489

0.916

2.423

0.109

  > 2

7.026

3.128

15.782

0.000

  1. P values are significant at α = 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, BMI Body Mass Index, OR Odds Ratio