Table 1 Descriptive statistics, CHARLS 2011–2015 (n = 24,620)
Variables | Proportion/Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
Dependent variable | |
 CES-D score (range: 0–30) | 8.31 (6.32) |
Independent variables | |
 Neighbourhood social reciprocity ratio (0–1.0) | 0.12 (0.10) |
Social reciprocity (%) | |
 High | 11.36 |
 Low | 88.64 |
 Physical activity (weekly exercise time in hours) | 9.41 (17.15) |
 Frequency of social interaction with neighbours (range: 1–4) | 1.78 (1.17) |
Volunteering (%) | |
 Yes | 3.02 |
 No | 96.98 |
Control variables | |
 Gender (%) | |
  Male | 48.92 |
  Female | 51.08 |
  Age (in years) | 67.25 (6.29) |
Educational attainment (%) | |
 Primary school or less | 81.93 |
 High school | 16.52 |
 College or more | 1.55 |
Marital status (%) | |
 Single, divorced or widowed | 16.95 |
 Married and living with spouse | 79.45 |
 Married and living apart from spouse | 3.60 |
 Household size (number of persons) | 3.08 (2.05) |
Annual household incomes per capita (CNY) | |
 Residence (%) | |
  Urban neighbourhood | 40.81 |
  Rural neighbourhood | 59.19 |
Cigarette use (%) | |
 Current smoker | 36.15 |
 Current non-smoker | 63.85 |
Alcohol use (%) | |
 Yes | 33.58 |
 No | 66.42 |
Physical health status (%) | |
 Reported health problem | 65.34 |
 No problems | 34.66 |
ADL limited (%) | |
 Yes | 52.25 |
 No | 47.75 |
Medical insurance (%) | |
 Yes | 26.74 |
 No | 73.26 |