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Table 3 The Relationship of Minimum Wage, Access to Care, Health Behaviors and Health (Whites)

From: Examining the association of changes in minimum wage with health across race/ethnicity and gender in the United States

Outcome

Total

Men

Women

Wage Ratio

Minimum Wage

Wage Ratio

Minimum Wage

Wage Ratio

Minimum Wage

Access to Care

 No Health Insurance1

−.00

(−.01,.00)

N = 623,932

−.01

−.02,−.00)

N = 623,932

-.00

(−.01,.01)

N = 289,254

−.01

(−.02,.00)

N = 289,254

−.00

(−.01,.00)

N = 334,678

−.01

(−.02, .00)

N = 334,678

 Missed care due to cost1

−.01

(−.01,-.00)

N = 589,983

−.01

(−.02,-.00)

N = 589,983

−.01

(−.01,.00)

N = 273,535

−.01

(−.02, −.00)

N = 273,535

−.01

(−.02, .00)

N = 316,448

−.01

(−.02,-.00)

N = 316,448

Health Behavior

 No exercise1

.00

(−.00,.01)

N = 557,307

.01

(.00,.02)

N = 557,307

.01

(.00,.02)

N = 257,669

.02

(.00,.03)

N = 257,669

−.01

(−.02,.00)

N = 299,638

.00

(−.01,.02)

N = 299,638

 Fruit Consumption2

1.02

(1.00,1.05)

N = 322,351

1.00

(.97,1.04)

N = 322,351

1.04

(.99,1.08)

N = 148,088

1.01

(.96,1.06)

N = 148,088

1.01

(.98,1.04)

N = 174,263

1.00

(.96,1.04)

N = 174,263

 Vegetable Consumption2

1.03

(1.01,1.05)

N = 321,288

1.00

(.98,1.02)

N = 321,288

1.03

(1.00,1.06)

N = 147,452

.99

(.96,1.03)

N = 147,452

1.03

(1.00,1.05)

N = 173,836

1.00

(.98,1.03)

N = 173,836

 Alcohol Consumption2

1.01

(.98,1.03)

N = 404,016

1.00

(.97,1.03)

N = 404,016

1.01

(.97, 1.04)

N = 199,207

1.00

(.95,1.04)

N = 199,207

1.01

(.97,1.05)

N = 204,809

1.01

(.96,1.06)

N = 204,809

Health Outcomes

 Self-reported poor health1

.00

(−.00,.01)

N = 623,682

−.00

(−.01,.01)

N = 623,682

.01

(.00,.02)

N = 289,243

.01

(−.00,.02)

N = 289,243

−.01

(−.01,-.00)

N = 334,439

−.01

(−.02,−.00)

N = 334,439

 Self-reported HTN1

.00

(−.01,.01)

N = 343,549

−.00

(−.01,.01)

N = 343,549

.00

(−.01,.02)

N = 158,946

−.00

(−.02,.01)

N = 158,946

−.00

(−.01,.01)

N = 184,603

−.00

(−.02,.01)

N = 184,603

 Unhealthy Days2

1.01

(.98,1.03)

N = 616,008

.99

(.96,1.03)

N = 616,008

1.02

(.97,1.06)

N = 285,904

1.00

(.94,1.06)

N = 285,904

1.00

(.96,1.03)

N = 330,104

.98

(.94,1.02)

N = 330,104

 Poor Mental Health Days2

1.00

(.96, 1.03)

N = 609,531

.97

(.93,1.02)

N = 609,531

1.00

(.94,1.06)

N = 283,124

.98

(.91,1.05)

N = 283,124

.99

(.95,1.03)

N = 326,407

.97

(.92,1.02)

N = 326,407

 Poor Physical Health Days2

1.02

(.98,1.07)

N = 610,595

1.01

(.96,1.06)

N = 610,595

1.04

(.97,1.11)

N = 283,629

1.02

(.94,1.11)

N = 283,629

1.00

(.95,1.06)

N = 326,966

.99

(.93,1.06)

N = 326,966

  1. The data source is BRFSS (1993–2014 panels). Linear Probability Models and Poisson Regression Models are used to examine dichotomous and count outcomes, respectively. All models control for state earned income tax credit rate, refundability of state earned income tax credit, Maximum food stamp allotment for a family of 3 maximum TANF allotment for a family of 3, 1-year lagged GDP, comprehensive Medicaid expansion, age, marital status, education and having minor children, year as well as state fixed-effects. All models are weighted for complex survey design and non-response. Total population models also control for gender. Standard errors are robust and clustered at the state level. Results of LPMs and PRMs are presented as percentage point differences in the probability of an outcome and Rate Ratios, respectively. All monetary values are inflation-adjusted. Boldface indicates statistical significance. Significance levels: *(access to care: p-value-.025, health behaviors: p-value−.0125, and health outcomes: p-value .010) (Bonferroni-corrected 95% confidence intervals in parenthesis). Notes: 1. Marginal effect 2. Rate Ratio; Bold indicates statistical significance
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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