Table 2 Summary of included studies
Primary author and country | Year | Abbreviated aim(s) of study | N and sampling method | Defining participant characteristics (population, gender and age) | Data collection and analysis | Investigating SB intervention | Quality Appraisal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adams, Gill [37] USA | 2015 | To investigate feasibility of an intervention aimed at reducing SB in overweight women. | 64 Volunteers | Overweight women (BMI > 25) 100% female Mostly aged > 50 yrs. | Open ended questionnaire Inductive analysis | √ | + |
Ball, Salmon, Giles-corti [43] Australia | 2006 | To investigate perceived intrapersonal, social and physical environmental influences on PA of women of different SES backgrounds. | 56 Snowball | Healthy adults: 19 high-SES, 19 mid-SES and 18 low-SES 100% female Age range 18-65 yrs. | Semi-structured interview Thematic analysis | + | |
Biddle, Edwardson, Gorely [21] UK | 2017 | To explore experiences of a workshop to understand outcomes of an intervention aimed at reducing SB in those at risk of type 2 diabetes. | 71 Purposive (but unclear) | Adults at risk of type 2 diabetes Data not present for n = 71 participants included in qualitative study | Evaluation sheets, progress phone calls, and telephone interview Inductive analysis | √ | – |
Britten, Addington, Astill [22] UK | 2017 | To document participant’s views and effects of a dance programme. | 22 (but unclear) Purposive | Community dwelling older adults 95% female Mean age 75 yrs | Three focus groups Thematic content analysis | √ | + |
Chastin, Fitzpatrick, Andrews [31] UK | 2014 | To investigate the determinants of SB in older adults. | 9 Convenience | Older women 100% female Age range 70-92 yrs | Semi-structured interview Framework analysis /thematic analysis approach | ++ | |
Chen [29] Taiwan | 2010 | To explore barriers that older adults experience in PA participation. | 90 Purposive | Older adults residing in long-term care 66% female Age range 65-90 yrs. | Interview Content analysis | ++ | |
Cousins, Keating [20] Canada | 1995 | To identify factors to better understanding of life pathways leading women to PA or inactivity. | 13 Theoretical | Older women 100% female Age over 60 yrs | Two focus groups consisting of active or inactive women Content analysis | – | |
Curry, Duda, Thompson [49] UK | 2015 | To compare perceived PA and ST to objective data, and explore experiences of PA- and ST amongst South Asian women in the UK. | 24 Purposive | South Asian women - 92% were either obese or overweight 100% female Age range 36-67 yrs | Semi-structured interview Deductive content analysis | ++ | |
Damush, Plue, Bakas [41] USA | 2007 | To elicit barriers and facilitators of exercise after stroke to inform the development of post-stroke programme. | 13 Convenience (but unclear) | Stroke survivors 38% female Mean age 59 yrs | Three focus groups Iterative consensus process | ++ | |
Deliens, Deforche, Bourdeaudhuij [47] Belgium | 2015 | To identify determinants of and recommendations towards PA and SB in Belgian university students. | 46 Snowball | University students 63% female Mean age 21 yrs. | Seven focus groups Inductive thematic approach | ++ | |
Emadian, Thompson [23] UK | 2017 | To explore factors influencing PA and ST in overweight or obese South Asian men living in the UK. | 31 Purposive | Overweight or obese South Asian men 100% Male Mean age 44 yrs | Semi-structured interview Content analysis | ++ | |
Ezeugwu, Garga, Manns [24] Canad | 2017 | To investigate perceptions of SB in ambulatory stroke survivors. | 13 Purposive | Stroke survivor, 46% female Age range 26–75 | Semi-structured interview Thematic analysis | ++ | |
Grossman, Stewart [33] USA | 2003 | To explore perceptions, motivations and barriers of PA in underactive community dwelling older adults. | 33 Convenience | Older adults 54% female Mean age 80 yrs. | Qualitative interview Standard coding, categorising, indexing, and integration techniques | – | |
Greenwood-Hickman, Renz, Rosenberg [42] USA | 2016 | To explore motivators, barriers, and impact of SB reduction among a group of overweight older adults. | 24 Convenience | Overweight or obese older adults 67% female Age range 60-84 yrs. | Semi-structured telephone interview Inductive thematic approach | √ | ++ |
Guell. Shefer, Griffin [32] UK | 2016 | To investigate how active living relates to later life experiences, aspirations and strategies of healthy ageing. | 27 Purposive | Older adults 44% female Age range 65–80 | Semi-structured interviews and observations Thematic analysis | ++ | |
Keegan, Middleton, Henderson [48] UK | 2016 | To identify which socio-environmental factors motivate PA and/or SB, in adults. | 15 Stratified | Working-age adults 53% female Age range 31–59 | Semi-structured interview Inductive content analysis | ++ | |
Kolt, Paterson and Cheung [35] New Zealand | 2006 | Identify the barriers to PA participation in sedentary older Tongan adults. | 24 Snowball | Tongan adults 50% female Age range 60-79 yrs. | Focus groups Descriptive qualitative methodology | ++ | |
Leask, Sandlund, Skelton [25] UK | 2017 | Co-create a tailored public health intervention to reduce SB in older adults. | 11 Volunteers | Older adults 55% female Age range 66-82 yrs. | Ten interactive co-creation workshops Qualitative content analysis | √ | ++ |
Mabry, Al-Busaidi, Reeves [30] Oman | 2013 | To identify policy and programme options to address physical inactivity and prolonged sitting in Omani adults. | 10 Purposive | Public health managers 50% female | Semi-structured interview Thematic content analysis and a framework approach | ++ | |
Martinez-Ramos, Martin-Borras, Trujillo [38] Spain | 2015 | To examine the opinions of overweight, sedentary patients on ways to reduce this behaviour, their willingness to change, and prospect of receiving help. | 23 Convenience | Overweight or obese adults 65% female Age range 25-63 yrs. | Five group and five semi-structured interviews Thematic content analysis | + | |
Matei, Thune-Boyle, Hamer [34] UK | 2015 | To explore participant’s views towards an intervention to reduce ST and increase activity in older adults. | 35 (but unclear) Purposive | Older adults Aged between 60 and 75 | Semi-structured interview Thematic analysis | √ | + |
McEwan, Tam-Seto, Dogra [26] Belgium | 2017 | To better understand the perceptions of older adults towards SB. | 26 Volunteers | Older adults 77% female Age mean 74 yrs. | Four focus groups and field notes Content analysis | ++ | |
Paxton, Anderson, Sakar [39] USA | 2016 | To identify beliefs, perceptions, and recurrent themes associated with breaking up prolonged periods of sitting. | 31 Convenience/Purposive (but unclear) | Breast cancer survivors, 100% female Age range 22- 75 yrs. | Semi-structured telephone interview Content data analysis | ++ | |
Shuval, Hebert, Siddiqi [44] USA | 2013 | To explore impediments and enablers to PA and investigate attitudes toward SB. | 25 Purposive | Low income and ethnic minority adults 52% female Age range 30-54 yrs. | Semi-structured interview Framework approach | ++ | |
Smetaniuk, Johnson, Creurer [27] Canada | 2017 | To examine students’ perceptions of factors that influence PA and SB. | 43 Convenience | Students in Physical Therapy Age range 22-33 yrs | Photovoice analysis – document, four focus groups Thematic analysis | + | |
Teychenne, Ball, Salmon [46] Australia | 2011 | To explore influences on SB in women living in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods and who are experiencing depressive symptoms. | 18 Random | Disadvantaged women experiencing depressive symptoms 100% female Age range 18-46 yrs | Semi-structured telephone interview Thematic analysis | ++ | |
Teychenne, Ball, Salmon [45] Australia | 2012 | To investigate feasibility of two intervention approaches (one print-based and one web- based) designed to promote PA and reduce SB amongst women living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. | 42 Random | Women living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods and key stakeholder 100% female Mean age 50 yrs | Questionnaire Thematic analysis | √ | ++ |
Thomsen, Beyer, Aadahl [36] Denmark | 2015 | To examine how patients with rheumatoid arthritis describe their daily SB. | 15 Purposive (but not stated) | People living with rheumatoid arthritis 66% female Age range 23-73 yrs. | Semi-structured interview Thematic analysis | ++ | |
Trinh, Arbour- Nicopoulos, Sabiston [40] Canada | 2015 | To examine perceptions of SB and the preferences for a SB intervention of men on androgen-deprivation therapy. | 27 Convenience (but not stated) | Prostate cancer survivors 100% Male Age mean 74 yrs. | Nine focus groups Thematic analysis | ++ | |
Van Dyck, Mertens, Cardon [28] Belgium | 2017 | To examine determinants of PA and SB and needs regarding PA intervention in recently retired adults. | 37 Convenience | Recently retired adults 51% female Mean age 63 yrs. | Four focus groups Thematic analysis | √ | ++ |