Table 2 Gender specific prevalence of different types of smoking among adults aged 15–50, Tehran, 2013–2015
Variables | Study population N (%) | Male | Female | Statistical test | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Waterpipe Smoking | ||||||
Never | 803 (76.10) | 331 (64.65) | 472 (86.92) | Simple logistic | 0.27 (0.20, 0.37) | < 0.001 |
Ever | 252 (23.90) | 181 (35.35) | 71 (13.08) | |||
Current | 176 (16.70) | 127 (24.80) | 49 (9.02) | Simple logistic | 0.27 (0.19, 0.39) | < 0.001 |
Past | 76 (7.20) | 54 (10.55) | 22 (4.06) | 0.28 (0.17, 0.48) | < 0.001 | |
Age at first Waterpipe Smoking | 20.30 (5.65) | 19.95 (5.45) | 20.85 (5.93) | Simple logistic | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | 0.039 |
Waterpipe Smoking – duration (years) | ||||||
≤ 5 | 109 (10.35) | 67 (13.09) | 42 (7.73) | Simple logistic | 0.44 (0.29, 0.66) | < 0.001 |
> 5 | 143 (13.55) | 114 (22.27) | 29 (5.34) | 0.18 (0.12, 0.27) | < 0.001 | |
≤ 250 | 121 (11.5) | 67 (13.09) | 42 (7.73) | Simple logistic | 1 | – |
> 250 | 127 (12.1) | 114 (22.27) | 29 (5.34) | 0.28 (0.20, 0.38) | < 0.001 | |
Cigarette smoking | ||||||
Never | 843 (79.75) | 329 (64.13) | 514 (94.49) | Simple logistic | 1 | – |
Ever | 214 (20.25) | 184 (35.87) | 30 (5.51) | 0.1 (0.07, 0.16) | < 0.001 | |
Current | 152 (14.38) | 130 (25.34) | 22 (4.04) | Simple logistic | 0.11 (0.07, 0.17) | < 0.001 |
Past | 62 (5.87) | 54 (10.53) | 8 (1.47) | 0.09 (0.04, 0.20) | < 0.001 | |
Age at first cigarette smoking | 19.67 (4.71) | 18.95 (4.39) | 22.42 (4.95) | Simple logistic | 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) | 0.004 |
Cigarette smoking – duration (years) | ||||||
≤ 10 | 122 (11.50) | 100 (19.49) | 22 (4.04) | Simple logistic | 0.14 (0.87, 0.22) | < 0.001 |
> 10 | 92 (8.70) | 84 (16.37) | 8 (1.47) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.13) | < 0.001 | |
Cigarette smoking (total pack-years) | ||||||
≤ 5 | 165 (15.60) | 140 (27.40) | 26 (4.78) | Simple logistic | 0.11 (0.07, 0.18) | < 0.001 |
> 5 | 46 (4.40) | 42 (8.22) | 4 (0.73) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.17) | < 0.001 | |
Second-Hand Smoking | ||||||
Never | 664 (63.00) | 344 (67.32) | 320 (58.93) | Simple logistic | 1 | – |
Ever | 390 (37.00) | 167 (32.68) | 223 (41.07) | 1.43 (1.11, 1.85) | 0.005 | |
Second-Hand Smoking – duration (years) | ||||||
≤ 10 | 101 (9.58) | 43 (8.41) | 58 (10.68) | Simple logistic | 1.45 (0.95, 2.12) | 0.085 |
10–20 | 139 (13.19) | 59 (11.55) | 80 (14.73) | 1.46 (1.01, 2.11) | 0.045 | |
> 20 | 150 (14.23) | 65 (12.72) | 85 (15.65) | 1.43 (0.98, 2.01) | 0.062 | |
Second-Hand Smoking – age period | ||||||
Before 19 years old | 170 (16.13) | 83 (16.24) | 87 (16.02) | Simple logistic | 1.13 (0.80, 1.58) | 0.488 |
After 20 years old | 80 (7.59) | 24 (4.70) | 56 (10.31) | 2.51 (1.52, 4.14) | < 0.001 | |
Throughout life | 140 (13.28) | 60 (11.74) | 80 (14.73) | 1.43 (0.99, 2.07) | 0.055 | |
Drug abuse | ||||||
Never | 984 (93.27) | 445 (86.91) | 540 (90.30) | Simple logistic | 1 | – |
Ever | 71 (6.73) | 67 (13.09) | 4 (0.70) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.12) | < 0.001 | |
History of depression | ||||||
Yes | 170 (16.14) | 55 (10.78) | 115 (21.18) | Simple logistic | 1 | – |
No | 883 (83.86) | 455 (89.22) | 428 (78.82) | 2.22 (1.57, 3.14) | < 0.001 | |
Physical activity | ||||||
Acceptable MET/week | 415 (39.52) | 301 (59.14) | 114 (21.07) | Simple logistic | 1 | – |
Lower than acceptable | 436 (60.48) | 208 (40.86) | 427 (78.93) | 5.42 (4.13, 7.11) | < 0.001 | |