Table 1 Characteristics of Chinese pilgrims to Hajj by hypertension (n = 1465)
Characteristic | Hypertension | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Cases | Overall | ||
Number of participants | 777 (53.0) | 688 (47.0) | 1465 (100) | |
Age (years) | 54.5 ± 9.2 | 59.8 ± 8.8 | 57 ± 9.4 | < 0.01 |
≤ 40 | 43 (5.5) | 10 (1.5) | 53 (3.6) | < 0.01 |
41–50 | 226 (29.1) | 95 (13.8) | 321 (21.9) | |
51–60 | 311 (40.0) | 247 (35.9) | 558 (38.1) | |
> 60 | 197 (25.4) | 336 (48.8) | 533 (36.4) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 425 (54.7) | 408 (59.3) | 833 (56.9) | 0.08 |
Female | 352 (45.3) | 280 (40.7) | 632 (43.1) | |
Marital statusƚ | 0.56 | |||
Married | 774 (99.6) | 686 (99.7) | 1460 (99.7) | |
Others | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | |
Education (years) | ||||
≤ 6 | 339 (43.6) | 336 (48.8) | 675 (46.1) | 0.10 |
7–9 | 256 (32.9) | 198 (28.8) | 454 (31) | |
10–12 | 110 (14.2) | 82 (11.9) | 192 (13.1) | |
> 12 | 72 (9.3) | 72 (10.5) | 144 (9.8) | |
Occupation | ||||
Officer/technician | 60 (7.7) | 79 (11.5) | 139 (9.5) | < 0.01 |
Tradesman | 120 (15.4) | 63 (9.2) | 183 (12.5) | |
Farmer | 405 (52.1) | 353 (51.3) | 758 (51.7) | |
Others | 192 (24.7) | 193 (28.1) | 385 (26.3) | |
Family income per month (CNY) | ||||
< 2500 | 267 (34.4) | 257 (37.4) | 524 (35.8) | 0.15 |
2500–3499 | 168 (21.6) | 147 (21.4) | 315 (21.5) | |
3500–4500 | 68 (8.8) | 75 (10.9) | 143 (9.8) | |
> 4500 | 274 (35.3) | 209 (30.4) | 483 (33.0) | |
Height (cm) | 162.5 ± 7.9 | 162.2 ± 8 | 162.4 ± 7.9 | 0.45 |
Weight (kg) | 67.3 ± 11.3 | 69 ± 11.4 | 68.1 ± 11.4 | < 0.01 |
SBP (mmHg) | 126.6 ± 10.2 | 150.3 ± 8.9 | 137.7 ± 15.2 | < 0.01 |
DBP (mmHg) | 73.3 ± 13.3 | 79.4 ± 18.9 | 76.2 ± 16.4 | < 0.01 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 7 ± 1.5 | < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 3.4 | 26.1 ± 3.3 | 25.8 ± 3.4 | < 0.01 |
Underweight (< 18.5) | 11 (1.4) | 4 (0.6) | 15 (1) | < 0.01 |
Normal (18.5–24.99) | 345 (44.4) | 250 (36.3) | 595 (40.6) | |
Overweight (25–29.9) | 353 (45.4) | 356 (51.7) | 709 (48.4) | |
Obese (≥30) | 68 (8.8) | 78 (11.3) | 146 (10.0) | |
Tobacco smoking | 55 (7.1) | 53 (7.7) | 108 (7.4) | 0.65 |
Alcohol drinking | 32 (4.1) | 28 (4.1) | 60 (4.1) | 0.96 |
Fried food preference | ||||
Dislike | 230 (29.6) | 210 (30.5) | 440 (30) | 0.75 |
Neither like nor dislike | 175 (22.5) | 162 (23.5) | 337 (23) | |
Like | 372 (47.9) | 316 (45.9) | 688 (47) | |
Barbecued food preference | ||||
Dislike | 331 (42.6) | 279 (40.6) | 610 (41.6) | 0.12 |
Neither like nor dislike | 224 (28.8) | 179 (26) | 403 (27.5) | |
Like | 222 (28.6) | 230 (33.4) | 452 (30.9) | |
Worship frequency (days/week) | ||||
< 3 | 174 (22.4) | 133 (19.3) | 307 (21.0) | 0.34 |
3–5 | 179 (23) | 169 (24.6) | 348 (23.8) | |
> 5 | 424 (54.6) | 386 (56.1) | 810 (55.3) | |
Diabetes | 260 (33.5) | 312 (45.3) | 572 (39.0) | < 0.01 |
Family history of hypertension | 37 (4.8) | 35 (5.1) | 72 (4.9) | 0.77 |