Table 1 Sociodemographic and health-related conditions by gender

Age, mean ± SD

50.03 ± 16.04

49.83 ± 15.85

50.21 ± 16.2

0.036^a

Area [n (%)]

<0.001^b

 Urban

18371 (67.4)

8646 (66.3)

9725 (68.4)

 Rural

8886 (32.6)

4386 (33.7)

4500 (31.6)

Education attainment [n (%)]

<0.001^b

 Primary school or below

9740 (35.7)

3404 (26.1)

6336 (44.5)

 Junior school

9906 (36.3)

5357 (41.1)

4549 (32.0)

 Senior school or above

7611 (27.9)

4271 (32.8)

3340 (23.5)

Smoking status [n (%)]

<0.001^b

 Yes

6216 (22.8)

5976 (45.9)

240 (1.7)

 No

21041 (77.2)

7056 (54.1)

13985 (98.3)

Drinking status [n (%)]

<0.001^b

 Yes

7623 (28.0)

7136 (54.8)

487 (3.4)

 No

19634 (72.0)

5896 (45.2)

13738 (96.6)

Exercise times weekly [n (%)]

0.227^b

 ≥6

3501 (12.8)

1722 (13.2)

1779 (12.5)

 1–5

4050 (14.9)

1919 (14.7)

2131 (15.0)

 <1

19706 (72.3)

9391 (72.1)

10315 (72.5)

Health examination [n (%)]

<0.001^b

 Yes

12581 (46.2)

5727 (43.9)

6854 (48.2)

 No

14676 (53.8)

7305 (56.1)

7371 (51.8)

0.001^b

 0

18546 (68.0)

9005 (69.1)

9541 (67.1)

 1

5838 (21.4)

2739 (21.0)

3099 (21.8)

 2

2214 (8.1)

988 (7.6)

1226 (8.6)

 ≥3

659 (2.4)

300 (2.3)

359 (2.5)

Family members with cancers

0.640^b

 Yes

243 (0.9)

123 (0.9)

120 (0.8)

 No

27014 (99.1)

12859 (98.7)

14054 (98.8)

BMI categories [n (%)]

<0.001^b

 Underweight

1173 (4.3)

417 (3.2)

756 (5.3)

 Normal weight

16516 (60.6)

7960 (61.1)

8556 (60.1)

 Overweight

8376 (30.7)

4068 (31.2)

4308 (30.3)

 Obese

1192 (4.4)

587 (4.5)

605 (4.3)

BMI, mean ± SD

23.84 ± 3.46

24.01 ± 3.40

23.68 ± 3.51

<0.001^a

EQ-5D, mean ± SD

0.95 ± 0.14

0.95 ± 0.14

0.94 ± 0.14

<0.001^a

VAS, mean ± SD

82.56 ± 15.29

83.24 ± 15.03

81.94 ± 15.50

<0.001^a