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Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between living arrangements and depressive symptoms adjusted by all covariates

From: Association of living arrangements with depressive symptoms among older adults in China: a cross-sectional study

Variable

OR

95% CI

Living arrangements

Living with spouse

Living with child

  

Yes

No

1

 

Yes

1.23**

(1.06,1.42)

No

No

1.40*

(1.03,1.92)

Yes

1.33

(0.94,1.88)

Sociodemographic variables

 Gender

  Male

1

 

  Female

2.13***

(1.75,2.60)

 Age

  60–69

1

 

  70–79

0.91

(0.77,1.07)

  ≥ 80

0.56***

(0.41,0.77)

 Marriage

  Married

1

 

  Unmarried/widowed/divorced

1.11

(0.80,1.54)

 Education level

  Illiterate

1

 

  Primary school

0.89

(0.77,1.04)

  Middle school

0.65***

(0.52,0.82)

  High school or above

0.54***

(0.39,0.76)

 Area

  Rural

1

 

  Urban

0.63***

(0.51,0.78)

Health behavior

 Smoking

  No

1

 

  Quit

1.15

(0.90,1.46)

  Now

1.28**

(1.06,1.56)

 Drinking

  No

1

 

  Seldom

1.18

(0.89,1.57)

  Often

1.03

(0.85,1.25)

 Social activitya

  No

1

 

  Yes

0.84**

(0.73,0.95)

Health condition

 BMI

  Underweight

1

 

  Normal

0.80*

(0.64,1.00)

  Overweight

0.58***

(0.45,0.75)

  Obse

0.54**

(0.37,0.78)

 ADL disabilityb

  Independent

1

 

  Dependent

2.65***

(2.08,3.39)

 Self-reported health

  Good

1

 

  Poor

3.15***

(2.68,3.70)

 Chronic disease

  0

1

 

  1

1.25*

(1.04,1.50)

  2

1.34**

(1.10,1.62)

  ≥ 3

2.06***

(1.71,2.49)

  1. aReference categories for social activity is people who had never done any social activities in the last month
  2. bReference categories for ADL disability is people who could finish activities of daily living without any difficulties
  3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001