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Table 4 Inequality in childhood immunization coverage using economic status as inequality dimension, Ghana

From: Trends of inequalities in childhood immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Kenya, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire

Economic status

Years

1993

1998

2003

2008

2014

Indicators

Statistics

Value

SE

Value

SE

Value

SE

Value

SE

Value

SE

bcgv

d

28.09

5.42

17.74

4.44

7.64

3.84

9.29

2.84

3.16

2.84

r

1.42

0.11

1.23

0.07

1.09

0.05

1.10

0.03

1.03

0.03

rci

6.04

1.22

3.91

1.02

1.91

0.76

2.07

0.54

0.57

0.54

dptv

d

39.95

6.80

31.54

5.77

21.69

5.27

4.14

4.17

3.83

4.17

r

1.92

0.26

1.52

0.13

1.33

0.09

1.05

0.05

1.04

0.05

rci

10.88

2.06

7.59

1.63

5.29

1.23

1.25

0.80

0.82

0.80

fullv

d

41.67

6.73

32.26

6.35

24.70

5.86

8.09

5.76

−2.57

5.76

r

2.11

0.32

1.66

0.18

1.45

0.13

1.11

0.08

0.97

0.08

rci

11.83

2.33

9.70

1.98

6.54

1.57

2.40

1.25

−0.47

1.25

mslv

d

41.37

5.69

29.57

6.10

13.83

5.16

7.23

4.03

6.41

4.03

r

1.87

0.20

1.50

0.14

1.18

0.08

1.08

0.05

1.07

0.05

rci

10.09

1.77

8.76

1.72

3.27

1.17

2.06

0.81

1.08

0.81

poliov

d

39.95

6.80

26.81

5.94

15.47

5.20

2.56

4.55

−4.30

4.55

r

1.92

0.26

1.44

0.12

1.23

0.09

1.03

0.05

0.95

0.05

rci

10.98

2.06

7.12

1.59

3.65

1.21

0.66

0.90

−0.71

0.90

  1. Notes: bcgv, dptv, fullv, mslv, poliov are BCG immunization coverage, DTP3 immunization coverage, full immunization coverage, measles coverage and polio coverage among children aged 12–23 months, respectively. d, r and rci are rate difference, rate ratio and relative concentration index, respectively. SE is the standard errors. Economic status is determined using the wealth index. The wealth index is constructed on household assets and access to basic services using the principal component analysis. The wealth index is divided into quintiles. Data sources are from DHS, and analyzed using the HEAT software