Incidence of catastrophic expenditures linked to obstetric and neonatal care at 92 facilities in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015

Table 5 Determinants of catastrophic expenses among parturient women surveyed, Lubumbashi, DRC, 2015

Variables	[n = 1627; CE = 261]
Variables	aOR	95% CI	p
Sector^a&b			0.65
Public vs private religious	1.3	0.6–2.6
Parastatal entity vs private religious	1.3	0.5–3.8
Private non-religious vs private religious	1.5	0.7–3.2
Not married vs married^a&b	1.6	0.7–3.4	0.24
Socioeconomic level^a&b			< 0.001
Q1 vs Q5	38.7	17.6–85.2
Q2 vs Q5	23.5	10.7–51.8
Q3 vs Q5	1.6	0.6–4.2
Q4 vs Q5	1.3	0.5–3.6
Referred vs not referred^a	1.9	1.1–3.6	< 0.001
Type of delivery^a			< 0.001
Complicated vaginal vs uncomplicated	1.9	1.2–2.9
Caesarean vs uncomplicated	7.5	3.6–15.4
Obstetric complications^b			< 0.001
Infections vs none	20.8	7.4–58.0
Pre & post-partum hemorrhage vs none	9.4	5.0–17.7
Eclampsia vs none	4.7	1.5–15.0
Placenta Prævia vs none	5.6	1.5–21.0
Soft-tissue tears vs none	4.2	2.5–7.1
Placental abruption vs none	2.4	1.2–9.5
Obstructed labor vs none	4.8	2.8–8.2
Newborn care^a			< 0.001
Emergency vs basic	2.8	1.4–5.4
Intensive vs basic	2.9	1.9–4.3
Skilled birth attendant at delivery^a			< 0.001
Generalist physician vs midwives	2.2	0.9–5.1
Specialist physician vs midwives	3.9	1.8–8.5
Length of stay (days)^b			< 0.001
3–14	1.3	0.9–1.9
≥ 15	3.6	1.5–8.1

^aincluded only in model 1, built on the basis of care received by women and newborns; ^bincluded only in model 2, built on the basis of complications requiring obstetric and neonatal care; ^{a & b}included in both models

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