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Table 6 Cox proportional hazard models for all-cause mortality and loss to follow-up for all patients with an outcome assigned (n = 173,055a)

From: Treatment outcomes among children, adolescents, and adults on treatment for tuberculosis in two metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Characteristics

Proportion with outcome

[Death]

Crude HR and 95% CI

Adjusted HR and 95% CI

Proportion with outcome

[LTFU]

Crude HR and 95% CI

Adjusted HR and 95% CI

Adjusted

sub-HRb and 95% CI

Age at start of treatment

<10 (children)

209 (1.19%)

0.20 (0.18–0.23)

0.23 (0.20–0.26)

640 (3.64%)

0.60 (0.55–0.65)

0.63 (0.58–0.69)

0.64 (0.59–0.71)

10–14 (young adolescents)

53 (2.71%)

0.45 (0.34–0.59)

0.48 (0.37–0.63)

60 (3.07%)

0.48 (0.38–0.62)

0.52 (0.40–0.67)

0.53 (0.41–0.69)

15–19 (older adolescents)

110 (2.94%)

0.50 (0.42–0.61)

0.62 (0.52–0.75)

224 (5.99%)

0.98 (0.85–1.11)

1.05 (0.92–1.20)

1.07 (0.93–1.22)

20–24 (young adults)

392 (3.60%)

0.62 (0.56–0.69)

0.72 (0.64–0.79)

896 (8.22%)

1.36 (1.27–1.46)

1.44 (1.34–1.54)

1.45 (1.35–1.55)

25–49 (adults)

6745 (5.80%)

1.00

1.00

7082 (6.09%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

≥50 (older adults)

2447 (10.84%)

1.92 (1.83–2.01)

2.12 (2.02–2.22)

1155 (5.11%)

0.87 (0.81–0.92)

0.85 (0.80–0.91)

0.82 (0.77–0.87)

Registration year

2010

1858 (6.49%)

1.02 (0.95–1.09)

0.99 (0.93–1.06)

1855 (6.18%)

1.12 (1.05–1.19)

1.04 (0.98–1.11)

1.04 (0.98–1.12)

2011

1835 (6.07%)

1.00

1.00

1667 (5.52%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

2012

1607 (5.50%)

0.91 (0.85–0.97)

0.91 (0.86–0.98)

1683 (5.76%)

1.05 (0.98–1.12)

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

2013

1655 (5.65%)

0.94 (0.88–1.00)

0.96 (0.89–1.02)

1743 (5.95%)

1.09 (1.02–1.16)

1.18 (1.10–1.26)

1.17 (1.10–1.26)

2014

1550 (5.50%)

0.92 (0.86–0.98)

0.98 (0.91–1.06)

1604 (5.70%)

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

1.20 (1.11–1.29)

1.19 (1.11–1.29)

2015

1451 (5.55%)

0.93 (0.87–0.99)

1.05 (0.96–1.15)

1505 (5.76%)

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

1.23 (1.13–1.34)

1.23 (1.12–1.34)

Sex

Female

4521 (5.82%)

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

1.04 (1.00–1.08)

3913 (5.03%)

0.77 (0.74–0.81)

0.77 (0.74–0.81)

0.77 (0.74–0.81)

 

Male

5435 (5.70%)

1.00

1.00

6144 (6.45%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Case definitionc

Bacteriologically confirmed

6588 (5.52%)

1.00

1.00

7162 (6.00%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Clinically diagnosed

1711 (6.08%)

1.08 (1.03–1.14)

1.34 (1.27–1.42)

1515 (5.38%)

0.88 (0.83–0.93)

1.01 (0.95–1.07)

1.00 (0.94–1.06)

 

Missing/unknown

1657 (6.48%)

1.15 (1.09–1.21)

1.49 (1.41–1.58)

1380 (5.40%)

0.87 (0.82–0.92)

1.02 (0.96–1.09)

1.01 (0.95–1.07)

Patient category

New Patient

9162 (5.61%)

1.00

1.00

9073 (5.56%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Previously treated

515 (7.47%)

1.27 (1.16–1.39)

1.20 (1.10–1.32)

705 (10.22%)

0.72 (1.59–1.85)

1.70 (1.57–1.84)

1.71 (1.58–1.85)

Unknown TB treatment history

279 (9.53%)

1.62 (1.44–1.83)

1.40 (1.24–1.57)

279 (9.53%)

1.60 (1.42–1.80)

1.62 (1.43–1.82)

1.61 (1.42–1.81)

Classification of Disease

Pulmonary TB

7615 (5.26%)

1.00

1.00

8259 (5.71%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

EPTB

2341 (8.26%)

1.46 (1.40–1.53)

1.19 (1.13–1.25)

1798 (6.34%)

1.00 (0.95–1.05)

1.00 (0.94–1.05)

1.00 (0.94–1.06)

HIV status

Positive on ART

4074 (5.98%)

2.01 (1.89–2.15)

1.66 (1.56–1.78)

3452 (5.07%)

1.00 (0.94–1.05)

0.91 (0.86–0.96)

0.80 (0.85–0.95)

Positive not on ART

2277 (8.24%)

2.86 (2.67–3.07)

2.50 (2.32–2.69)

2156 (7.80%)

1.59 (1.49–1.69)

1.57 (1.47–1.67)

1.51 (1.42–1.62)

Positive ART status unknown

1247 (7.80%)

2.65 (2.45–2.87)

2.36 (2.17–2.57)

954 (5.97%)

1.18 (1.10–1.28)

1.21 (1.12–1.31)

1.18 (1.09–1.28)

Negative

1162 (2.96%)

1.00

1.00

1983 (5.05%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

HIV status unknown

1196 (5.42%)

1.85 (1.71–2.01)

1.79 (1.62–1.91)

1512 (6.85%)

1.37 (1.28–1.47)

1.42 (1.33–1.53)

1.40 (1.30–1.50)

Treatment supervision (Intensive Phase)

Yes

1518 (5.49%)

1.00

1.00

1516 (5.48%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

No

7139 (5.87%)

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

0.80 (0.76–0.85)

7124 (5.86%)

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

0.80 (0.76–0.85)

0.81 (0.76–0.86)

Missing

1299 (5.45%)

1.01 (0.94–1.09)

6.45 (5.08–8.19)

1417 (5.95%)

1.12 (1.04–1.20)

11.17 (8.33–14.99)

10.69 (7.97–14.34)

Treatment supervision (Continuation Phase)

Yes

77 (0.99%)

1.00

1.00

48 (0.63%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

No

8581 (6.06%)

6.66 (5.31–8.35)

8.03 (6.37–10.12)

8592 (6.07%)

10.75 (8.10–14.28)

12.98 (9.73–17.31)

12.36 (9.26–16.48)

Missing

1299 (5.45%)

5.99 (4.75–7.55)

(omitted)

1417 (5.95%)

10.54 (7.91–14.06)

(omitted)

(omitted)

Overall

 

9956 (5.75%)

–

–

10057 (5.81%)

–

–

 
  1. EPTB extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
  2. aSample excludes patients with no available outcome (i.e. transferred out, outcome not assigned)
  3. bSub-distribution hazard ratios from competing risk regression model proposed by Fine and Gray where death is considered a competing risk
  4. cBacteriologically confirmed includes Xpert MTB/RIF, smear, or culture (and if aspiration/biopsy or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was listed, although the corresponding laboratory method was unknown). Clinically diagnosed includes X-ray and tuberculin skin test
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