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Table 2 Characteristics of cases treated for TB disease by age group (n = 182,890)

From: Treatment outcomes among children, adolescents, and adults on treatment for tuberculosis in two metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Characteristics

All

N = 182890

Children

(<10 years)

N = 18259

Young Adolescents

(10–14 years)

N = 2032

Older Adolescents

(15–19 years)

N = 3931

Young Adults

(20–24 years)

N = 11686

Adults

(25–49 years)

N = 123363

Older Adults

(≥50 years)

N = 23619

District in Gauteng

Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality

64304 (35.16%)

6110 (33.46%)

832 (40.94%)

1585 (40.32%)

4310 (36.88%)

42575 (34.51%)

8892 (37.65%)

 

City of Johannesburg

118586 (64.85%)

12149 (66.54%)

1200 (59.06%)

2346 (59.68%)

7376 (63.12%)

80788 (65.49%)

14727 (62.35%)

Registration year

2010

32704 (17.88%)

3126 (17.12%)

367 (18.06%)

726 (18.47%)

2322 (19.87%)

23333 (18.10%)

3830 (16.22%)

2011

31999 (17.50%)

3460 (18.95%)

393 (19.34%)

676 (17.20%)

2108 (18.04%)

21508 (17.43%)

3854 (16.32%)

2012

30844 (16.86%)

3258 (17.84%)

400 (19.69%)

672 (17.09%)

1927 (16.49%)

20822 (16.88%)

3765 (15.94%)

2013

30872 (16.88%)

3302 (18.08%)

310 (15.26%)

659 (16.76%)

1891 (16.18%)

20608 (16.71%)

4102 (17.37%)

2014

29506 (16.13%)

2585 (14.16%)

264 (12.99%)

597 (15.19%)

1857 (15.89%)

20065 (16.27%)

4138 (17.52%)

2015

26965 (14.74%)

2528 (13.85%)

298 (14.67%)

601 (15.29%)

1581 (13.53%)

18027 (14.61%)

3930 (16.64%)

Sex

Female

82341 (45.02%)

8875 (48.61%)

1069 (52.61%)

2379 (60.52%)

7070 (60.50%)

54312 (44.03%)

8636 (36.56%)

Case definitiona

Bacteriologically confirmed

126360 (69.09%)

1265 (6.93%)

1130 (55.61%)

3086 (78.50%)

9247 (79.13%)

94042 (76.23%)

17590 (74.47%)

Clinically diagnosed

29658 (16.22%)

9309 (50.98%)

467 (22.98%)

418 (10.63%)

1224 (10.47%)

15126 (12.26%)

3114 (13.18%)

 

Missing/Unknown

26872 (14.69%)

7685 (42.09%)

435 (21.41%)

427 (10.86%)

1215 (10.40%)

14195 (11.51%)

2915 (12.34%)

Full case definition

Xpert MTB/RIF

28482 (15.57%)

239 (1.31%)

188 (9.25%)

694 (17.65%)

1929 (16.51%)

20959 (16.99%)

4473 (18.94%)

 

Smear microscopy

87192 (47.67%)

763 (4.18%)

810 (39.86%)

2195 (55.84%)

6642 (56.84%)

65102 (52.77%)

11680 (49.45%)

 

Culture

5638 (3.08%)

45 (0.25%)

53 (2.61%)

97 (2.47%)

356 (3.05%)

4282 (3.47%)

805 (3.41%)

 

Aspiration/biopsy, lab method unknown

3923 (2.15%)

146 (0.80%)

60 (2.95%)

80 (2.04%)

251 (2.15%)

2901 (2.35%)

485 (2.05%)

 

CSF, lab method unknown

1125 (0.62%)

72 (0.39%)

19 (0.94%)

20 (0.51%)

69 (0.59%)

798 (0.65%)

147 (0.62%)

 

X-ray

23720 (12.97%)

3600 (19.72%)

398 (19.59%)

411 (10.46%)

1213 (10.38%)

15033 (12.16%)

3095 (13.10%)

 

Tuberculin skin test (TST)

5938 (3.25%)

5709 (31.27%)

69 (3.40%)

7 (0.18%)

11 (0.09%)

123 (0.10%)

19 (0.08%)

 

Missing/Unknown

26872 (14.69%)

7685 (42.09%)

435 (21.41%)

427 (10.86%)

1215 (10.40%)

14195 (11.51%)

2915 (12.34%)

Cases diagnosed with Xpert MTB/RIF by year

2010

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

2011

8 (0.03%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

1 (0.05%)

7 (0.03%)

0 (0.00%)

2012

366 (1.19%)

2 (0.06%)

1 (0.25%)

7 (1.045)

22 (1.14%)

291 (1.40%)

43 (1.14%)

2013

2136 (6.92%)

11 (0.335)

8 (2.58%)

49 (7.44%)

130 (6.87%)

1603 (7.78%)

335 (8.17%)

2014

8992 (30.48%)

81 (3.13%)

56 (21.21%)

213 (35.68%)

629 (33.87%)

6618 (32.98%)

1395 (33.71%)

2015

16980 (62.97%)

145 (5.74%)

123 (41.28%)

425 (70.72%)

1147 (72.55%)

12440 (69.01%)

2700 (68.70%)

Patient category

New Patient

172252 (94.18%)

18058 (98.90%)

1957 (96.31%)

3776 (96.06%)

11125 (95.20%)

115272 (93.42%)

22064 (93.42%)

Previously treated

7459

159

47

113

435

5650

1055

   Relapse

5227 (2.86%)

113 (0.62%)

32 (1.57%)

66 (1.68%)

233 (1.99%)

3993 (3.24%)

790 (3.34%)

   Re-treatment after failure

810 (0.44%)

14 (0.08%)

2 (0.10%)

18 (0.46%)

43 (0.37%)

612 (0.50%)

121 (0.51%)

   Re-treatment after LTFU

1422 (0.78%)

32 (0.18%)

13 (0.64%)

29 (0.74%)

159 (1.36%)

1045 (0.85%)

144 (0.61%)

Unknown previous TB treatment history

3179 (1.74%)

42 (0.23%)

28 (1.38%)

42 (1.07%)

126 (1.08%)

2441 (1.98%)

500 (2.12%)

Classification of Disease

Pulmonary TB

15270 (83.50%)

17474 (95.70%)

1606 (79.04%)

3321 (84.48%)

9831 (84.13%)

100842 (81.74%)

19646 (83.18%)

EPTB

30170 (16.50%)

785 (4.30%)

426 (20.96%)

610 (15.52%)

1855 (15.87%)

22521 (18.26%)

3973 (16.82%)

Smear status at initiation

Positive

68282 (37.34%)

301 (1.65%)

445 (21.90%)

2003 (50.95%)

5961 (51.01%)

50764 (41.15%)

8808 (37.29%)

Negative

43808 (23.95%)

612 (3.35%)

518 (25.49%)

798 (20.30%)

2429 (20.79%)

32827 (26.61%)

6624 (28.05%)

Missing

70800 (38.71%)

17346 (95.00%)

1069 (52.61%)

1130 (28.75%)

3296 (28.20%)

39772 (32.24%)

8187 (34.66%)

HIV status

Total Positive

118326

3325

1000

1386

5711

93818

13086

   Positive, on ART

71421 (39.05%)

2016 (11.04%)

643 (31.64%)

853 (21.70%)

3084 (26.39%)

56637 (45.91%)

8188 (34.67%)

   Started prior to TB treatmentb

215 (0.63%)

1 (0.12%)

4 (1.39%)

3 (0.68%)

9 (0.62%)

161 (0.60%)

37 (0.88%)

   Started with/after TB treatmentb

631 (1.85%)

7 (0.83%)

1 (0.35%)

2 (0.46%)

28 (0.46%)

510 (1.89%)

83 (1.96%)

   Start date unknownb

33346 (97.53%)

837 (99.05%)

283 (98.26%)

433 (98.86%)

1409 (97.44%)

26276 (97.51%)

4108 (97.16%)

   Positive, not on ART

29757 (16.27%)

693 (3.80%)

187 (9.20%)

323 (8.22%)

1682 (14.39%)

23784 (19.28%)

3088 (13.07%)

   Positive, ART status unknown

17148 (9.38%)

616 (3.37%)

170 (8.37%)

210 (5.34%)

945 (8.09%)

13397 (10.86%)

1810 (7.66%)

Negative

40784 (22.30%)

10397 (56.94%)

668 (32.87%)

1859 (47.29%)

4283 (36.65%)

16468 (13.35%)

7109 (30.10%)

HIV status unknown

23780 (13.00%)

4537 (24.85%)

364 (17.91%)

686 (17.45%)

1692 (14.48%)

13077 (10.60%)

3424 (14.50%)

CD4 count (cells/mm3)c

≤100

26013 (21.98%)

279 (8.39%)

155 (15.50%)

247 (17.82%)

1056 (18.49%)

21790 (23.23%)

2486 (19.00%)

101–250

20433 (17.27%)

282 (8.48%)

112 (11.20%)

219 (15.80%)

1035 (18.12%)

16615 (17.71%)

2170 (16.58%)

251–350

6685 (5.65%)

109 (3.28%)

67 (6.70%)

87 (6.28%)

407 (7.13%)

5285 (5.63%)

730 (5.58%)

351–500

4877 (4.12%)

129 (3.88%)

49 (4.90%)

61 (4.40%)

349 (6.11%)

3765 (4.01%)

524 (4.00%)

>500

3304 (2.79%)

256 (7.70%)

42 (4.20%)

59 (4.26%)

247 (4.32%)

2311 (2.46%)

389 (2.97%)

Missing

57014 (48.18%)

2270 (68.27%)

575 (57.50%)

713 (51.44%)

2617 (45.82%)

44052 (46.95%)

6787 (51.86%)

Median (IQR)

125 (51–248)

226 (90–494)

160 (42–328)

160 (54–300)

164 (69–306)

120 (50–237)

134 (59–259)

Started on cotrimoxazole prophylaxisc

Yes

93554 (79.06%)

2452 (73.74%)

767 (76.70%)

1078 (77.78%)

4319 (75.63%)

74543 (79.45%)

10395 (79.44%)

No

14772 (12.48%)

468 (14.08%)

132 (13.20%)

184 (13.28%)

824 (14.43%)

11535 (12.30%)

1629 (12.45%)

Missing/unknown

10000 (8.45%)

405 (12.18%)

101 (10.10%)

124 (8.95%)

568 (9.95%)

7740 (8.25%)

1062 (8.12%)

Treatment regimen

Regimen 1 (2 RHZE/4 RH)

157206 (85.96%)

2015 (11.04%)

1880 (92.52%)

3788 (96.36%)

11160 (95.50%)

116128 (94.14%)

22235 (94.14%)

Regimen 2 (2 RHZES/1 HRZE/5 HRE)

9364 (5.12%)

55 (0.30%)

68 (3.35%)

139 (3.54%)

523 (4.48%)

7198 (5.83%)

1381 (5.85%)

Regimen 3 (2 RHZE / 4 RH)d

16312 (8.92%)

16185 (88.64%)

83 (4.08%)

3 (0.08%)

3 (0.03%)

35 (0.03%)

3 (0.01%)

Other

8 (0.00%)

4 (0.02%)

1 (0.05%)

1 (0.03%)

0

2 (0.00%)

0

Treatment supervision (Intensive Phase)

Yes

29170 (15.95%)

1708 (14.38%)

302 (14.86%)

622 (15.82%)

2012 (17.22%)

20277 (16.44%)

3249 (13.76%)

No

129116 (70.60%)

13478 (73.82%)

1457 (71.70%)

2740 (69.70%)

8143 (69.68%)

86550 (70.16%)

16748 (70.91%)

Missing

24604 (13.45%)

2073 (11.35%)

273 (13.44%)

569 (14.47%)

1531 (13.10%)

16536 (13.40%)

3622 (15.34%)

Treatment supervision (Continuation Phase)

Yes

7722 (4.22%)

946 (5.18%)

104 (5.12%)

157 (3.99%)

511 (4.37%)

5211 (4.22%)

793 (3.36%)

No

150564 (82.32%)

15240 (83.47%)

1655 (81.45%)

3205 (81.53%)

9644 (82.53%)

101616 (82.37%)

19204 (81.31%)

Missing

24604 (13.45%)

2073 (11.35%)

273 (13.44%)

569 (14.47%)

1531 (13.10%)

16536 (13.40%)

3622 (15.34%)

Smear conversion at 2 monthse

Yes

22476 (68.66%)

84 (64.12%)

163 (71.49%)

706 (68.08%)

2055 (70.09%)

16725 (68.91%)

2743 (66.27%)

No

10261 (31.34%)

47 (35.88%)

65 (28.51%)

331 (31.92%)

877 (29.91%)

7545 (31.09%)

1396 (33.73%)

N/A (Not smear positive at baseline or < 2 available smears)

150153

18128

1804

2894

8754

99093

19480

Any smear conversionf

Yes

56628 (93.3%)

251 (92.62%)

393 (96.56%)

1728 (92.37%)

4918 (92.61%

42105 (93.36%)

7778 (92.99%

No

4069 (6.70%)

20 (7.38%)

14 (3.44%)

103 (5.63%)

391 (7.36%)

2996 (6.64%)

545 (7.01%)

N/A (Not smear positive at baseline or < 2 available smears)

122193

17988

1625

2100

6377

78262

15841

  1. Xpert MTB/RIF GeneXpert MTB/RIF, CSF cerebral spinal fluid, EPTB extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, LTFU loss to follow-up, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ART antiretroviral therapy, IQR interquartile range, S streptomycin, R rifampicin, H isoniazid, Z pyrazinamide, E ethambutol
  2. aBacteriologically confirmed includes Xpert MTB/RIF, smear, or culture (and if aspiration/biopsy or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was listed, although the corresponding laboratory method was unknown). Clinically diagnosed includes X-ray and tuberculin skin test
  3. bART start date only reported for patients who initiated TB treatment in 2014 or 2015
  4. cReported for HIV positive patients only
  5. dRegimen 3, for children <8 years and <30 kg with complicated TB disease, is the same as Regimen 1 except that the dosage (mg/day) is reduced
  6. eSmear conversion at two months is two consecutive negative smears at least 30 days apart within two months of treatment initiation. One smear is sent monthly for smear microscopy
  7. fAny smear conversion is two consecutive negative smears at least 30 days apart at any time after treatment initiation. Ascertained at the end of treatment
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