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Table 1 Core section and indicator framework for the CCWS

From: Developing a coordinated Canadian post-secondary surveillance system: a Delphi survey to identify measurement priorities for the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS)

M(SD)

Core sections

M(SD)

Final Delphi survey indicators

Roundtable meeting indicators

1.7(0.9)

Mental health assets

   
  

1.6(1.5)

Resilience

aResilience (e.g., control and self-efficacy, coping)

  

2.3(1.1)

Psychological wellbeing

aPsychological wellbeing (e.g., self-rated mental health)

  

3.6(2.4)

Flourishing

aFlourishing (e.g., life satisfaction, happiness)

  

4.4(1.8)

Coping

aSense of meaning or purpose

  

5.1(2.4)

Self-rated mental health

 
  

6.1(1.6)

Stress management techniques (e.g., stress mindset)

 
  

7.1(1.7)

Life satisfaction

 
  

7.5(2.2)

Control and self-efficacy (e.g., fixed or growth mindset)

 
  

7.8(1.9)

Happiness

 
  

8.7(2.4)

Self-esteem

 
  

8.9(3.4)

Self-determination

 
  

10.9(1.3)

Sense of meaning or purpose (e.g., spirituality)

 

2.0(1.1)

Student experience

   
  

1.3(0.5)

Sense of belonging (and conversely, social isolation and loneliness)

aPerceptions of campus climate (e.g., supportive learning environments, mental health support, equity and inclusion, safety, institution cares for student wellbeing)

  

2.5(1.3)

Perceptions of campus climate (e.g., supportive learning environments)

aOverall social experience and social connectedness (e.g., meaningful connections, healthy relationships, social support)

  

3.6(1.6)

Social support on campus (e.g., sense of community)

bSense of belonging to any campus context (e.g., clubs, residences, sport teams); conversely, social isolation and loneliness

  

3.6(1.9)

Overall social experience and social connectedness (e.g., meaningful connections, healthy relationships, social support)

bNegative experiences (e.g., sexism, racism, violence, discrimination)

  

4.1(1.4)

Experiences of equity and inclusion (e.g., diversity); and conversely, negative experiences: sexism, racism, violence, discrimination)

bFinancial wellbeing (e.g., access to safe and affordable housing, living arrangements)

  

5.7(2.1)

Financial wellbeing (access to safe and affordable housing, living arrangements)

 
  

6.8(1.7)

Feelings of safety (e.g., physical and psychological)

 
  

7.3(2.3)

Built and natural environments (e.g., access/exposure to nature, beautiful/calm environments, learning spaces for diverse needs, time spent outdoors)

 
  

7.6(1.4)

Engagement in extra-curricular activities

 
  

8.9(1.3)

Volunteerism

 

3.3(1.5)

Mental health deficits

   
  

1.6(1.0)

Anxiety

aSources of perceived dis-stress coupled with extent of impact

  

2.4(1.2)

Depression

bAnxiety

  

3.3(1.6)

Sources of stress coupled with extent of impact

bDepression

  

3.6(1.5)

Psychological stress

bSuicidal tendencies (i.e., planning, not ideation)

  

4.5(1.1)

Emotional dysregulation (e.g., inability to manage emotions)

 
  

5.5(1.5)

Suicidal tendencies

 
  

6.6(0.8)

Non-suicidal self-injury

 

4.1(1.0)

Health service utilization/help-seeking

   
  

1.6(0.9)

Knowledge and perceptions of campus mental health services

aKnowledge of mental health services, perceptions of campus mental health services, general sources of support (e.g., friends, family)

  

1.9(0.8)

Help-seeking intentions (e.g., intentions to access other support services (e.g., career counseling, accessibility services, academic success center))

aAccess to mental health services (e.g., stigma, timely access to counseling services/health professionals, gaps in health services on campus)

  

3.8(1.3)

Use of health service facilities on campus

bHelp-seeking intentions (e.g., intentions to access other support services (e.g., career counseling, accessibility services, academic success centre))

  

4.1(1.6)

Access to mental health services (e.g., timely access to health professionals/services; gaps in health services on campus)

bUse of health professional services (e.g., counseling/therapy, medical professionals, emergency room)

  

4.4(1.5)

Use of health professional services (e.g., counseling/therapy)

 
  

5.1(1.8)

Perceived stigma (e.g., self-stigma, stigma from others)

 
  

6.1(1.9)

Sources of health information (e.g., use of online or e-resources)

 
  

6.6(1.8)

Diagnosis of mental illness or condition (e.g., complex mental health diagnosis; Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder; Autism/Autism spectrum)

 
   

History of mental health services/medication

 
  

9.0(1.4)

Use of medication

 

4.9(1.0)

Physical health/health behaviours

   
  

1.9(1.5)

Sleep (e.g., sleep difficulties)

aSleep (e.g., sleep difficulties)

  

2.6(1.3)

Physical activity

aPhysical activity

  

3.5(1.9)

Perceived health status

aSedentary behavior

  

4.2(1.4)

Sedentary behavior

bPerceived health status

  

4.5(2.2)

Overall wellbeing

bOverall wellbeing

  

4.9(1.4)

Screen time

bScreen time

  

5.5(1.3)

Social media

bSocial media (e.g., influence on social norms and self-perceptions)

  

7.9(0.4)

Body Mass Index

 

5.4(1.5)

Academic achievement

   
  

1.4(0.5)

Issues affecting academic performance (e.g., academic barriers)

aCurrent academic Grade Point Average (GPA) (e.g., changes in GPA, academic performance, academic comparisons with peers)

  

2.1(1.2)

Overall academic experience (e.g., satisfaction with academic achievement)

bIssues affecting academic performance (e.g., academic barriers)

  

3.2(0.7)

Experiences with faculty

bOverall academic experience (e.g., satisfaction with academic achievement and performance)

  

4.2(0.9)

Experiences with academic support services

bExperiences with faculty, TA, sessional instructors

  

4.8(1.6)

Current academic Grade Point Average (GPA)

bExperiences with academic support services

  

4.9(1.0)

Academic accommodations

bAcademic accommodations (e.g., wellbeing issues and academic concessions)

6.7(0.8)

Substance use

   
  

1.4(1.0)

Alcohol

aAlcohol

  

2.5(1.1)

Marijuana/cannabis use (e.g., vaping)

aMarijuana/cannabis use (e.g., vaping)

  

3.2(1.6)

Perception of risk regarding substance use (e.g., drinking and driving, substance use literacy, harm reduction)

aDrugs excluding marijuana/cannabis (e.g., opioids, study drugs (e.g., Adderall, Ritalin), use of another person’s prescription medication)

  

4.6(1.5)

Drugs excluding marijuana/cannabis, use of another person’s prescription medication

bPerception of risk and social norms for substance use (e.g., drinking and driving, substance use literacy, harm reduction)

  

4.9(2.3)

Tobacco-use (e.g., smoking, vaping)

bTobacco-use (e.g., smoking, vaping)

  

5.9(1.5)

Peer alcohol use

 
  

6.6(1.5)

Peer substance use (e.g., norms of substance use)

 
  

6.7(1.4)

Motivations for substance use (e.g., peer pressure)

 
  

8.8(2.1)

Stimulants (e.g., caffeine, medications, energy pills)

 

7.6(0.6)

Nutrition

   
  

1.1(0.3)

Food security (e.g., access to affordable and nourishing food; alignment with eating habits and preferences)

aFood security (e.g., access to affordable and nourishing food, alignment with eating habits and preferences)

  

2.4(1.1)

Consumption of fruits and vegetables

bConsumption of fruits and vegetables

  

3.7(1.7)

Eating disorder symptoms (and disordered eating behaviours)

bConsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages

  

4.1(1.7)

Weight (body) concerns/perceptions (e.g., body dissatisfaction, body image norms)

 
  

4.4(1.2)

Consumption of different food groups

 
  

5.1(1.4)

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages

 
  

6.0(1.9)

Consumption of water

 
  

7.1(1.1)

Availability of nutritional information

 

9.0(0.3)

Sexual health behaviour

   
  

1.1(0.5)

Safe sex practices

aSafe sex practices (e.g., contraceptive use)

  

2.1(0.5)

Contraceptive use

bSexual satisfaction

  

3.5(1.2)

Sexual activities

 
  

4.2(1.0)

Sexually transmitted infections

 
  

4.5(1.5)

Sexual orientation

 
  

4.8(1.0)

Sexual satisfaction

 
  1. Notes: Core sections and indicators are presented in priority sequence
  2. Means and standard deviations refer to the final core section and indicator scores after the three Delphi rounds
  3. aAll three roundtable discussion groups agreed on the inclusion of this indicator in the final core survey
  4. bOne or two roundtable discussion groups agreed on the inclusion of this indicator in the final core survey