Skip to main content

Table 6 Un- adjusted and adjusted risk ratios (RR) for coping strategies for financial constraints by households with and without a member living with depression

From: Catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in households of persons with depression: a cross-sectional, comparative study in rural Ethiopia

Characteristics

Coping strategies implemented for financial constraints

Sold assets

Drew up accounts at shops

Cut down food consumption

Withdrew children from school

Supported by relatives

Reduced medical visits

Used savings

Took on extra work

A) Unadjusted model

 

RR (95% CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

Depression and high disability

0. 9 (0.7–1.1)

1.2 (0.7–2.0)

1.6 (1.0–2.7)

2.5 (1.1–7.3)

1.5 (0.8–2.6)

4.2 (1.9–9.4)

0.6 (0.2–1.9)

1.0 (0.6–1.7)

Depression and low disability

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

1.2 (0.6–2.1)

1.8 (0.5–5.6)

1.1 (0.6–2.0)

2.6 (1.0–6.1)

1.3 (0.6–3.1)

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

Comparison group without depression

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

b) Adjusted model #

 

RR (95% CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

Depression and high disability

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

1.1 (0.4–2.5)

2.0 (1.1–4.5)

3.0 (1.0–8.5)

1.5 (0.9–2.6)

4.4 (2.1–9.3)

0.4 (0.1–1.5)

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

Depression and low disability

1.1 (1.0–1.3)

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

1.1 (0.5–2.7)

1.5 (0.4–5.1)

1.0 (0.5–2.0)

2.3 (1.0–5.7)

1.3 (0.6–3.1)

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

Comparison group without depression

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

1.00†

  1. # The model included control variables (i.e. residence, gender and consumption quintiles); CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio; †; reference group
  2. Bold, significant at P < 0.05