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Table 3 Impoverishing effect of out-of-pocket payments based on pre and post payments on health care

From: Catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in households of persons with depression: a cross-sectional, comparative study in rural Ethiopia

 

Depression and high disability

Depression and low disability

Comparison without depression

Poverty head count

 Pre-payment head count A

12.6%

12.3%

10.8%

 Post payment head count B

18.4%

15.8%

13.1%

 Absolute percentage point change (impact) C(=B-A)

5.8% †

3.5%

2.3%

 Relative percentage change (=C/A*100)

46.0% †

28.4%

21.2%

Poverty gaps

 Prepayment poverty gap A$

8.7

5.3

6.8

 Post payment poverty gap B$

9.9

5.6

6.9

 Absolute point change (impact)C(=B-A) $

1.2 †

0.3

0.1

 Relative percentage change(=C/A*100)

13.7% †

5.6%

1.5%

Normalized poverty gaps

 Pre-payment normalized gap A

4.7%

2.9%

3.7%

 Post-payment normalized gap B

5.4%

3.0%

3.8%

 Absolute percentage point change (impact) C(=B-A)

0.7%

0.1%

0.1%

 Relative percentage change(=C/A*100)

14.8% †

3.4%

2.7%

  1. $ (USD), USD1 = Birr 20.69 (2015);
  2. Bold, significant at P < 0.05 for Pearson’s χ2; † for Kruskal-Wallis comparing pre and post payment by depression sub-groups