Over-indebtedness and its association with sleep and sleep medication use

Table 1 Study population characteristics and prevalence of sleep problems and sleep medication use, 4 weeks (n = 7985)

	OID survey^a n = 538		DEGS1^b n = 7447		Differences between samples^†
	n	%	n	%	p-value
Sex					p = 0.846
Female	283	52.6	3885	52.2
Male	255	47.4	3562	47.8
Age					p < 0.001
18–29 years	103	19.1	1047	14.1
30–49 years	278	51.7	2444	32.8
50–64 years	130	24.2	2151	28.9
65–79 years	27.0	5.0	1805	24.2
Marital status					p < 0.001
Married	112	20.8	4730	63.5
Separated/Divorced/Widowed	205	38.1	1012	13.6
Single	214	39.8	1642	22.0
Missing	7	1.3	63	0.8
Education level					p < 0.001
Low	220	40.9	959	12.9
Medium	281	52.2	3994	53.6
High	30	5.8	2473	33.2
Missing	7	1.3	21	0.3
Employment status					p = 0.927
Not employed	188	34.9	2830	38.0
Employed	300	55.8	4556	61.2
Missing	50	9.3	61	0.8
Depression/anxiety					p < 0.001
No	408	75.8	6881	92.4
Yes	87	16.2	471	6.3
Missing	43	8.0	95	1.3
Subjective health status					p < 0.001
(Very) good	224	41.6	5539	74.4
Fair/(very) poor	311	57.7	1878	25.3
Missing	3	0.6	30	0.4
Problems with sleep onset					p < 0.001
No	149	27.7	3539	47.5
Yes	389	72.3	3908	52.4
Problems with sleep maintenance					p < 0.001
No	140	26.0	2590	34.8
Yes	398	74.0	4857	65.2
Sleep medication use					p < 0.001
No	422	78.4	7003	94.0
Yes	116	21.6	444	6.0

^aOver-indebted sample, Germany (2017); ^bGeneral population sample, Germany (2008–2011)
^†Chi-squared test