Table 2 GPAQ classification of physical activity stratified by sex [Data shown as percentage (95% confidence interval)]
N | GPAQ classification | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low physical activity (%) | Moderate physical activity (%) | High physical activity (%) | |||||
Male (n = 471) | Female (n = 474) | Male (n = 471) | Female (n = 474) | Male (n = 471) | Female (n = 474) | ||
All | 945 | 8.1 (5.6–10.5) | 31.0 (26.8–35.2) | 19.3 (15.8–22.9) | 34.2 (29.9–38.4) | 72.6 (68.6–76.6) | 34.8 (30.5–39.1) |
Socio-demographic variables | |||||||
Age | |||||||
15–17 years | 616 | 8.9 (5.5–12.3) | 31.4 (26.5–36.3) | 20.8 (16.0–25.7) | 34.0 (29.0–39.0) | 70.3 (64.8–75.7) | 34.6 (29.6–39.6) |
17–19 years | 304 | 6.8 (3.2–10.4) | 31.9 (23.3–40.4) | 17.8 (12.4–23.2) | 35.4 (26.6–44.2) | 75.4 (69.3–81.5) | 32.7 (24.1–41.4) |
19–21 years | 25 | 9.1 (0.0–26.1) | 14.3 (0.0–32.6) | 9.1 (0.0–26.1) | 28.6 (4.9–52.2) | 81.8 (59.0–100.0) | 57.1 (31.2–83.1) |
Ethnicity | |||||||
Brahmin/Chhetri | 575 | 7.3 (4.4–10.2) | 28.1 (22.8–33.4) | 21.3 (16.6–25.9) | 37.2 (31.5–43.0) | 71.4 (66.3–76.5) | 34.7 (29.0–40.3) |
Aadibasi/Janajati | 245 | 6.3 (1.4–11.1) | 37.6 (29.8–45.4) | 14.6 (7.5–21.6) | 31.5 (24.1–39.0) | 79.2 (71.0–87.3) | 30.9 (23.5–38.3) |
Others | 125 | 13.5 (5.7–21.3) | 27.5 (15.2–39.7) | 17.6 (8.9–26.2) | 25.5 (13.5–37.5) | 68.9 (58.4–79.5) | 47.1 (33.4–60.8) |
Family type | |||||||
Nuclear | 682 | 8.0 (5.2–10.8) | 29.2 (24.3–34.1) | 20.0 (15.8–24.2) | 33.4 (28.4–38.5) | 72.0 (67.3–76.7) | 37.3 (32.1–42.6) |
Non-nuclear | 263 | 8.3 (3.4–13.2) | 35.2 (27.4–43.1) | 17.4 (10.6–24.1) | 35.9 (28.0–43.8) | 74.4 (66.6–82.2) | 28.9 (21.4–36.3) |
Educational status of father | |||||||
Illiterate | 40 | 4.3 (0.0–12.7) | 29.4 (7.8–51.1) | 13.0 (0.0–26.8) | 11.8 (0.0–27.1) | 82.6 (67.1–98.1) | 58.8 (35.4–82.2) |
Primary | 122 | 7.0 (1.1–13.0) | 29.4 (16.9–41.9) | 15.5 (7.1–23.9) | 29.4 (16.9–41.9) | 77.5 (67.7–87.2) | 41.2 (27.7–54.7) |
Secondary | 398 | 8.0 (4.2–11.7) | 31.0 (24.5–37.4) | 17.4 (12.2–22.7) | 33.5 (26.9–40.1) | 74.6 (68.6–80.6) | 35.5 (28.8–42.2) |
High school and above | 385 | 9.1 (4.8–13.3) | 31.6 (25.3–37.9) | 23.9 (17.6–30.2) | 37.8 (31.2–44.4) | 67.0 (60.1–74.0) | 30.6 (24.4–36.9) |
Educational status of mother | |||||||
Illiterate | 141 | 7.1 (1.6–12.5) | 28.6 (16.7–40.4) | 17.6 (9.5–25.8) | 25.0 (13.7–36.3) | 75.3 (66.1–84.5) | 46.4 (33.4–59.5) |
Primary | 184 | 7.4 (2.5–12.5) | 31.2 (20.8–41.5) | 16.8 (9.7–23.9) | 31.2 (20.8–41.5) | 75.7 (67.6–83.8) | 37.7 (26.8–48.5) |
Secondary | 408 | 8.5 (4.5–12.5) | 32.7 (26.5–38.9) | 21.8 (15.9–27.7) | 35.0 (28.7–41.3) | 69.7 (63.1–76.3) | 32.3 (26.1–38.5) |
High school and above | 212 | 8.8 (3.0–14.6) | 28.9 (20.8–37.0) | 18.7 (10.7–26.7) | 38.8 (30.2–47.5) | 72.6 (63.4–81.7) | 32.2 (23.9–40.6) |
Academic variables | |||||||
Type of school | |||||||
Public | 330 | 4.4 (1.2–7.5) | 24.1 (17.7–30.5) | 11.9 (6.9–16.9) | 26.5 (19.8–33.1) | 83.8 (78.0–89.5) | 49.4 (41.9–56.9) |
Private | 615 | 10.0 (6.6–13.3) | 34.9 (29.5–40.2) | 23.2 (18.5–27.8) | 38.5 (33.0–44.0) | 66.9 (61.7–72.1) | 26.6 (21.7–31.6) |
Grade of study | |||||||
11 | 331 | 7.7 (3.7–11.8) | 37.4 (30.0–44.9) | 20.2 (14.2–26.3) | 33.1 (25.9–40.4) | 72.0 (65.2–78.8) | 29.4 (22.5–36.4) |
12 | 614 | 8.3 (5.2–11.3) | 27.7 (22.7–32.6) | 18.8 (14.4–23.2) | 34.7 (29.4–40.0) | 72.9 (67.9–77.9) | 37.6 (32.2–43.0) |
Subject of study | |||||||
Education | 171 | 1.5 (0.0–4.5) | 28.3 (19.7–36.9) | 21.5 (11.5–31.5) | 27.4 (18.9–35.8) | 76.9 (66.7–87.2) | 44.3 (34.9–53.8) |
Humanities | 24 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 26.7 (4.3–49.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 20.0 (0.0–40.2) | 100.0 (100.0–100.0) | 53.3 (28.1–78.6) |
Management | 298 | 6.5 (2.6–10.5) | 41.4 (33.4–49.4) | 16.3 (10.5–22.2) | 25.5 (18.4–32.6) | 77.1 (70.5–83.8) | 33.1 (25.4–40.8) |
Science | 452 | 11.1 (7.1–15.0) | 25.5 (19.6–31.4) | 21.3 (16.2–26.4) | 44.7 (38.0–51.5) | 67.6 (61.8–73.5) | 29.8 (23.6–36.0) |
Time of study | |||||||
Morning | 372 | 5.3 (1.9–8.7) | 32.7 (26.2–39.1) | 11.8 (6.9–16.6) | 21.8 (16.1–27.5) | 82.9 (77.3–88.6) | 45.5 (38.7–52.4) |
Day | 573 | 9.6 (6.3–13.0) | 29.8 (24.3–35.2) | 23.6 (18.8–28.4) | 43.4 (37.5–49.3) | 66.8 (61.5–72.1) | 26.8 (21.6–32.1) |
Environmental variables | |||||||
Mode of transport to school | |||||||
Walking | 339 | 6.9 (3.1–10.7) | 33.3(26.1–40.5) | 20.1 (14.2–26.1) | 32.7 (25.6–39.9) | 73.0 (66.4–79.6) | 33.9 (26.7–41.2) |
Cycle | 134 | 3.7 (0.0–7.7) | 9.6 (1.6–17.6) | 11.0 (4.2–17.7) | 26.9 (14.9–39.0) | 85.4 (77.7–93.0) | 63.5 (50.4–76.5) |
Motorcycle/Four-wheeled | 472 | 10.7 (6.6–14.8) | 33.9 (28.1–39.6) | 21.9 (16.3–27.4) | 36.6 (30.7–42.5) | 67.4 (61.2–73.7) | 29.6 (24.0–35.2) |
Extracurricular activities at school | |||||||
Yes | 654 | 7.5 (4.5–10.5) | 31.6 (26.8–36.4) | 21.8 (17.1–26.6) | 33.2 (28.4–38.1) | 70.6 (65.4–75.9) | 35.2 (30.3–40.1) |
No | 291 | 9.0 (4.8–13.2) | 29.2 (20.8–37.6) | 15.2 (9.9–20.4) | 37.2 (28.3–46.1) | 75.8 (69.6–82.1) | 33.6 (24.9–42.3) |
Playground at school | |||||||
Yes | 793 | 8.0 (5.2–10.9) | 31.0 (26.7–35.3) | 21.6 (17.2–25.9) | 33.9 (29.5–38.3) | 70.4 (65.6–75.2) | 35.1 (30.6–39.5) |
No | 152 | 8.1 (3.3–13.0) | 31.0 (14.2–47.9) | 13.0 (7.1–19.0) | 37.9 (20.3–55.6) | 78.9 (71.6–86.1) | 31.0 (14.2–47.9) |
Playground or park around home | |||||||
Yes | 645 | 5.8 (3.3–8.4) | 28.4 (23.5–33.4) | 20.6 (16.2–25.0) | 33.4 (28.3–38.6) | 73.5 (68.7–78.3) | 38.1 (32.8–43.4) |
No | 300 | 13.0 (7.6–18.5) | 36.4 (28.8–44.0) | 16.4 (10.4–22.5) | 35.7 (28.1–43.3) | 70.5 (63.2–77.9) | 27.9 (20.8–35.0) |
Adequate space to play or walk around home | |||||||
Yes | 709 | 7.1 (4.4–9.8) | 30.1 (25.3–34.8) | 18.4 (14.4–22.5) | 31.7 (26.9–36.6) | 74.5 (70.0–79.1) | 38.2 (33.2–43.2) |
No | 236 | 11.0 (5.4–16.7) | 33.9 (25.4–42.4) | 22.0 (14.6–29.5) | 41.5 (32.6–50.4) | 66.9 (58.5–75.4) | 24.6 (16.8–32.3) |
Family support to physical activity | |||||||
Yes | 890 | 7.2 (4.8–9.6) | 30.9 (26.6–35.2) | 19.3 (15.6–22.9) | 34.2 (29.8–38.6) | 73.5 (69.4–77.6) | 34.9 (30.5–39.3) |
No | 55 | 24.0 (7.3–40.7) | 33.3 (16.5–50.2) | 20.0 (4.3–35.7) | 33.3 (16.5–50.2) | 56.0 (36.5–75.5) | 33.3 (16.5–50.2) |
Peer support to physical activity | |||||||
Yes | 900 | 7.3 (4.9–9.7) | 31.1 (26.8–35.4) | 19.1 (15.5–22.7) | 33.8 (29.4–38.1) | 73.6 (69.5–77.6) | 35.1 (30.7–39.5) |
No | 45 | 23.8 (5.6–42.0) | 29.2 (11.0–47.4) | 23.8 (5.6–42.0) | 41.7 (21.9–61.4) | 52.4 (31.0–73.7) | 29.2 (11.0–47.4) |
Lifestyle-related variables | |||||||
Current smoker | |||||||
Yes | 30 | 10.3 (0.0–21.4) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 13.8 (1.2–26.3) | 100.0 (100.0–100.0) | 75.9 (60.3–91.4) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
No | 915 | 7.9 (5.4–10.4) | 31.1 (26.9–35.2) | 19.7 (16.0–23.4) | 34.0 (29.8–38.3) | 72.4 (68.2–76.6) | 34.9 (30.6–39.2) |
Current drinker | |||||||
Yes | 42 | 17.1 (5.6–28.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 9.8 (0.7–18.8) | 100.0 (100.0–100.0) | 73.2 (59.6–86.7) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
No | 903 | 7.2 (4.8–9.7) | 31.1 (26.9–35.2) | 20.2 (16.4–24.0) | 34.0 (29.8–38.3) | 72.6 (68.3–76.8) | 34.9 (30.6–39.2) |
Screen time | |||||||
Moderate | 599 | 8.2 (5.0–11.3) | 28.2 (23.1–33.2) | 19.0 (14.6–23.5) | 38.4 (32.9–43.8) | 72.8 (67.7–77.9) | 33.4 (28.1–38.7) |
Excessive | 346 | 7.9 (3.9–11.9) | 36.1 (28.9–43.3) | 19.8 (13.9–25.6) | 26.6 (20.0–33.3) | 72.3 (65.7–78.9) | 37.3 (30.0–44.6) |