Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR (95% CI) | p-value | PR (95% CI) | p-value | PR (95% CI) | p-value | PR (95% CI) | p-value | PR (95% CI) | p-value | PR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Individual characteristics | ||||||||||||
Age | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)1 | 0.013 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)1 | 0.015 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)1 | 0.010 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)1 | 0.019 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)1 | 0.014 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)1 | 0.015 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
 Male | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.170 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.165 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.152 | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 0.193 | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 0.176 | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 0.202 |
 Female | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Family income | ||||||||||||
  ≥ 2 mw | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 0.024 | 1.12 (1.00–1-26) | 0.051 | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.028 | 1.12 (1.01–1.26) | 0.048 | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.034 | 1.11 (0.98–1.25) | 0.088 |
  < 2 mw | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Religion participation | ||||||||||||
  > 2 x/month | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 0.027 | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 0.027 | 1.20 (1.02–1.43) | 0.025 | 1.21 (1.02–1.42) | 0.026 | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 0.019 | 1.21 (1.03–1.44) | 0.022 |
  ≤ 2 x/month | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 0.147 | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 0.153 | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 0.152 | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) | 0.141 | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 0.149 | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | 0.143 |
 None | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Physical activity | ||||||||||||
 Yes | 1.12 (1.02–1.22) | 0.019 | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) | 0.022 | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) | 0.018 | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) | 0.020 | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) | 0.021 | 1.11 (1.01–1.21) | 0.023 |
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Self-rated health | ||||||||||||
 Good/Very good | 1.23 (1.03–1.46) | 0.006 | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | 0.021 | 1.23 (1.04–1.46) | 0.018 | 1.22 (1.03–1.46) | 0.025 | 1.23 (1.03–1.46) | 0.020 | 1.21 (1.02–1.44) | 0.026 |
 Fair | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 0.051 | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 0.055 | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 0.047 | 1.20 (0.99–1.45) | 0.056 | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 0.052* | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 0.052 |
 Poor/Very poor | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Contextual characteristics | ||||||||||||
Walking environment |  |  | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.444 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.741 |
Physical disorder |  |  |  |  | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 0.092 |  |  |  |  | 0.94 (0.88–0.99) | 0.048 |
Safety |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.448 |  |  | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 0.209 |
Garbage collection and schools services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.418 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.761 |
Random effects | ||||||||||||
AIC | 1579.70 | Â | 1581.93 | Â | 1580.88 | Â | 1581.6 | Â | 1581.61 | Â | 1586.47 | Â |