|
UNIVARIATE
| |
MULTIVARIATE
| |
---|
Variable
|
n
|
OR (95% CI)
|
p-valuea
|
OR (95% CI)
|
p-valuea
|
---|
Gender
|
Female
|
978
|
1.01 (0.68–1.51)
|
0.959
|
0.97 (0.56–1.67)
|
0.906
|
Male
|
108
|
1
| |
1
| |
Age range, years
|
≤ 40
|
253
|
1
| |
1
| |
41–50
|
428
|
1.28 (0.94–1.75)
|
0.123
|
1.59 (1.04–2.42)
|
0.031*
|
> 50
|
405
|
1.70 (1. 23–2.34)
|
0.001***
|
2.21 (1.41–3.46)
|
< 0.001***
|
Age of pain onset
|
Early, ≤ 3 yrs
|
532
|
1
| |
1
| |
Late, > 3 yrs
|
520
|
1.44 (1. 12–1.84)
|
0.004**
|
1.49 (0.75–2.95)
|
0.254
|
VAS (fatigue/pain)
|
Lower
|
645
|
1
| |
1
| |
Higher
|
441
|
2.24 (1.73–2.89)
|
< 0.001***
|
2.09 (1.47–2.97)
|
< 0.001***
|
Cognitive symptoms
|
Severe
|
846
|
1
| |
1
| |
Mild/moderate
|
61
|
1.66 (1. 30–2.13)
|
< 0.001***
|
0.28 (0.05–1.64)
|
0.159
|
No symptoms
|
179
|
0.76 (0.47–1.23)
|
0.077**
|
0.60 (0. 37-0.96)
|
0.033*
|
Neurological symptoms
|
Severe
|
606
|
1
| |
1
| |
Mild/moderate
|
451
|
1.66 (1. 30–2.13)
|
< 0.001***
|
1.37 (0.92–2.04)
|
0.117
|
No symptoms
|
29
|
0.82 (0.51–1.23)
|
0.214
|
11.02 (2. 24–54.29)
|
0.003**
|
Autonomic dysfunction
|
Severe
|
412
|
1
| |
1
| |
Mild/moderate
|
161
|
2.21 (1.71–2.87)
|
< 0.001***
|
0.22 (0.03–1.51)
|
0.122
|
No symptoms
|
513
|
0.81 (0. 37–1.76)
|
0.093
|
0.57 (0. 38–0.83)
|
0.004**
|
Fibromyalgia
|
No
|
464
|
1
| |
1
| |
Yes
|
601
|
1.92 (1.50–2.45)
|
< 0.001***
|
1.27 (0.87–1.83)
|
0.214
|
Ligamentous Hyperlaxity
|
No
|
719
|
1
| |
1
| |
Yes
|
365
|
1.45 (1. 12–1.88)
|
0.005**
|
1.36 (0.94–1.97)
|
0.100
|
SF-36 (physical health)
|
Lower
|
542
|
1
| |
1
| |
Higher
|
541
|
0.48 (0. 38–0.62)
|
< 0.001***
|
0.45 (0. 31–0.66)
|
< 0.001***
|
SF-36 (mental health)
|
Lower
|
542
|
1
| |
1
| |
Higher
|
541
|
0.66 (0.52–0.84)
|
< 0.001***
|
0.50 (0. 33–0.75)
|
< 0.001***
|
HADS
|
No symptoms
|
250
|
1
| |
1
| |
Mild/moderate
|
583
|
1.82 (1. 35–2.45)
|
< 0.001***
|
0.90 (0.56–1.44)
|
0.667
|
Severe
|
240
|
1.86 (1. 30–2.67)
|
< 0.001***
|
1.98 (1. 20–3.26)
|
0.007**
|
FIS-40
|
Mild/moderate
|
512
|
1
| |
1
| |
Severe
|
463
|
2.61 (2.01–3.39)
|
< 0.001***
|
1.27 (0.82–2.04)
|
0.311
|
D-FIS-8
|
Lower fatigue
|
563
|
1
| |
1
| |
Higher fatigue
|
514
|
2.44 (1.90–3.13)
|
< 0.001***
|
1.55 (1.08–2.21)
|
0.017*
|
PSQI
|
Good sleepers
|
572
|
1
| |
1
| |
Poor sleepers
|
446
|
1.47 (1. 14–1.90)
|
0.003**
|
0.98 (0.66–1.48)
|
0.913
|
SCL-90-R
|
Mild/moderate
|
90
|
1
| |
1
| |
No symptoms
|
125
|
1.1 (0.87–1.91)
|
0.217
|
1.30 (1. 15–2.73)
|
0.571
|
Severe
|
430
|
1.98 (1.51–2.61)
|
< 0.001***
|
1.34 (0.82–2.21)
|
0.243
|
- CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, VAS Visual analogue scale, FIS Fatigue impact scale, SF-36 Short form 36-item health survey, HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale, PSQI Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire index, SCL-90-R Symptom checklist-90-revised
- *Significance at 0.05
- **Significance at 0.01
- ***Significance at 0.001
- aData analysis using ANOVA