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Table 3 Health service utilization in intervention and control health facilities

From: Impact of a bottom-up community engagement intervention on maternal and child health services utilization in Ghana: a cluster randomised trial

Service Components

Intervention

Control

 

Obs.

Baseline Data (2012)

Follow-up Data (2014)

 

Obs.

Baseline Data (2012)

Follow-up Data (2014)

 

Maternal healthcare services

 

Mean (SD)a

Mean (SD)a

p-value

 

Mean (SD)a

Mean (SD)a

p-value

 Normal deliveries

25

15 (18)

30 (33)

0.0013**

19

22 (16)

31 (26)

0.0586

 Antenatal services

24

138 (150)

183 (206)

0.1113

21

148 (166)

181 (181)

0.3325

Child healthcare services

 Immunizations

15

270 (290)

455 (463)

0.0642

18

287 (361)

307 (258)

0.7899

Family planning services

 Distributed male condoms

11

117 (211)

67 (94)

0.4948

14

68 (91)

24 (35)

0.1228

 Distributed female condoms

5

0 (0)

2 (2)

0.0628

9

0 (0)

6 (10)

0.0918*

 Family planning services

19

129 (190)

161 (403)

0.6912

20

54 (72)

66 (76)

0.5195

HIV/AIDS/STI services

 STIs patients

20

43 (126)

94 (84)

0.1802

19

2.0 (6)

103 (107)

0.0005**

 HIV tests for non-pregnant clients

24

55 (65)

104 (81)

0.0213**

21

97 (118)

101 (127)

0.8851

 HIV tests for pregnant women

24

40 (43)

119 (128)

0.0067**

18

101 (117)

135 (143)

0.4551

 HIV positive clients

19

3 (3)

2 (3)

0.0095**

19

2 (1.5)

2 (2)

0.6284

 Patients on PMTCT

3

1 (1)

8 (13)

0.4240

4

26 (49)

1 (1)

0.3858

 Patients on VCT

9

6 (6)

55 (81)

0.1164

8

1 (2)

62 (65)

0.0344**

Laboratory/radiological services

 Patients accessing X-ray

3

133 (231)

255 (241)

0.5696

3

0 (0)

120 (208)

0.4226

 Ultrasounds

3

42 (18)

94 (114)

0.5219

8

21 (36)

22 (22)

0.9261

 TB screenings

3

5 (4)

10 (16)

0.5596

8

26 (70)

5 (7)

0.3837

 Malarial tests

5

43 (76)

380 (236)

0.0174**

7

0 (0)

294 (219)

0.0120**

 General laboratory tests

5

81 (150)

576 (475)

0.0309**

7

0 (0)

611 (441)

0.0106**

General medical care services

 Circumcisions

15

3 (6)

8 (5)

0.0220**

14

4 (6)

11 (11)

0.0652*

 Major surgical procedures

4

8 (4)

21 (19)

0.2153

5

1 (2)

6 (7)

0.1783

 Minor surgical procedures

28

2 (4)

20 (21)

0.0000***

29

0 (1)

21 (18)

0.0000***

  1. Source: Field Data Greater Accra and Western Regions (2014)
  2. Legend: aAll means have been rounded up to the nearest decimal point; HIV (Human immune-deficiency virus); AIDS
  3. (Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome); STI (Sexually transmitted infection); PMTCT (Prevention of mother to child transmission); VCT (Voluntary
  4. Counselling and testing); TB (Tuberculosis)
  5. Paired t-test statistically significant at *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.0001