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Table 1 Participant characteristics and prevalence from the 2015 Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 6462) survey. Values shown are n (%), median (interquartile range), or prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)), and are weighted for the sampling designa

From: Self-reported hearing difficulty and its association with general, cognitive, and psychosocial health in the state of Arizona, 2015

Variableb

Total (n = 6462)

Any hearing trouble (n = 1919)

Prevalenced for total respondents (95% CI)

Any hearing troublec, n (%)

1919 (23.1)

 

23.1 (21.8, 24.5)

Hearing, n (%)

 Excellent

2053 (36.1)

0

36.1 (34.3, 38.0)

 Good

2490 (40.7)

0

40.7 (38.9, 42.6)

 A little trouble

1042 (13.2)

1042 (57.0)

13.2 (2.1, 14.3)

 Moderate hearing trouble

635 (7.5)

635 (32.4)

7.5 (6.7, 8.3)

 A lot of trouble

219 (2.2)

219 (9.5)

2.2 (1.7, 2.6)

 Deaf

23 (0.3)

23 (1.2)

0.3 (0.13, 0.41)

Age, median (inter-quartile range)

45.9 (31.1, 61.7)

60.9 (48.4, 73.2)

 

Age category, n (%)

  

Prevalence for any hearing trouble (95%)

 18–24 years

203 (11.8)

23 (5.1)

10.2 (5.6, 14.8)

 25–34

405 (16.6)

45 (7.6)

10.6 (7.2, 14.0)

 35–44

679 (16.6)

81 (7.8)

11.0 (8.1, 13.8)

 45–54

886 (16.1)

187 (15.4)

22.2 (18.7, 25.8)

 55–64

1273 (16.2)

361 (21.2)

30.4 (27.3, 33.6)

 65 and older

2896 (22.7)

1193 (42.8)

43.9 (41.5, 46.2)

Sex, n (%)

 Male

2544 (47.3)

887 (52.9)

25.8 (23.7, 28.0)

 Female

3918 (52.7)

1032 (47.1)

20.7 (19.0, 22.4)

Race/Ethnicity, n (%)

 Hispanic

992 (26.7)

185 (15.9)

13.8 (11.2, 16.3)

 White, Non-Hispanic

4918 (62.1)

1612 (76.1)

28.3 (26.6, 30.1)

 Black, Non-Hispanic

161 (3.8)

29 (2.3)

14.1 (7.0, 21.0)

 Asian, Non-Hispanic

100 (2.5)

15 (1.5)

14.0 (4.1, 24.1)

 American Indian/Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic

112 (3.3)

24 (2.4)

16.7 (8.4, 25.0)

 Other race, Non-Hispanic

179 (1.7)

54 (1.9)

26.0 (16.9, 35.2)

Primary Language, n (%)

 English

6138 (90.3)

1862 (94.3)

24.2 (22.7, 25.6)

 Spanish

324 (9.7)

57 (5.7)

13.5 (9.1, 17.8)

Education

 Less than high school

449 (14.3)

141 (14.0)

22.7 (18.0, 27.3)

 High school graduate

1450 (25.1)

480 (27.2)

25.1 (22.2, 28.0)

 Some college

1971 (36.4)

609 (38.6)

24.5 (22.1, 27.0)

 College graduate

2565 (24.2)

679 (20.2)

19.2 (17.5, 24.0)

Income, n (%)

 <$10,000

201 (4.3)

68 (5.0)

25.9 (18.3, 33.4)

 $10,000–$15,000

289 (6.1)

99 (6.7)

24.7 (18.3, 31.0)

 $15,000–$20,000

389 (9.6)

107 (8.5)

19.7 (14.4, 25.1)

 $20,000–$25,000

523 (11.6)

174 (12.3)

23.7 (19.0, 28.4)

 $25,000–$35,000

558 (10.2)

184 (12.9)

28.0 (22.6, 33.5)

 $35,000–$50,000

800 (15.4)

260 (16.8)

24.3 (20.4, 28.3)

 $50,000–$75,000

819 (14.8)

234 (13.8)

20.8 (17.4, 24.2)

 >$75,0000

1553 (28.0)

370 (24.1)

19.3 (16.7, 21.8)

Cognitive Functioning (Increased confusion or memory loss)e, n (%)

 Yes

640 (13.1)

375 (23.3)

59.0 (53.7, 64.3)

 No

4468 (85.6)

1357 (74.4)

28.8 (27.1, 30.5)

Psychosocial Healthf (Number of days mental health not good), (median, inter-quartile range)

5.0 (2.0, 18.0)

7.8 (2.5, 24.6)

 

Diabetesg n (%)

 Yes

921 (10.5)

381 (17.1)

37.6 (33.4, 41.9)

 Yes, gestational only

70 (1.2)

21 (1.1)

22.8 (9.1, 36.5)

 No (Pre-diabetes or Borderline Diabetes)

120 (1.9)

52 (3.7)

20.8 (19.4, 22.3)

 No

5342 (86.2)

1461 (77.5)

45.9 (32.6, 59.1)

General Healthh n (%)

 Excellent

1166 (19.5)

225 (12.3)

14.6 (12.0, 17.2)

 Very Good

2080 (30.6)

525 (23.6)

17.8 (15.7, 19.9)

 Good

1963 (30.6)

638 (34.7)

26.2 (23.5, 29.0)

 Fair

903 (14.5)

358 (20.2)

32.3 (28.2, 36.4)

 Poor

339 (4.6)

166 (8.8)

43.8 (36.5, 51.1)

  1. aDue to rounding, some percentages do not add to exactly 100%
  2. bMissing data rates < 2% for each variable except for income (20%)
  3. cDefined as self reporting “A little trouble”, “Moderate hearing trouble”, “A lot of trouble”, or “Deaf” in response to “Which statement best describes your hearing (without a hearing aid or other listening device)?”
  4. dThe denominator for the variable “hearing” is the total (n = 6462). The denominators for all other prevalence estimates are the row totals for each stratum (2nd column)
  5. eSelf-report in response to: “During the past 12 months, have you experienced confusion or memory loss that is happening more often or is getting worse?”; asked only to participants 45 years or older
  6. fSelf-report in response to “Now thinking about your mental health, which includes stress, depression, and problems with emotions, for how many days in the past 30 days was your mental health not good?”
  7. g Self-report in response to: “Has a doctor, nurse or other professional ever told you that you have diabetes?”
  8. h Self-report in response to: “Would you say that in general that your health is …”
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