Table 3 Measures used in the study
Instrument, reference | Domains | No. items | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), | 35 | ||
Wardle et al. 2001 [45] | Food approach | ||
Food responsiveness | 5 | The child’s general appetite | |
Enjoyment of food | 4 | The child’s interest in food | |
Emotional overeating | 4 | If the child eats as a response to emotions | |
Desire to drink | 3 | The child’s desire to drink | |
Food avoidance | |||
Satiety responsiveness | 5 | If the child gets full easily or not | |
Slowness in eating | 4 | The child’s speed of eating | |
Emotional undereating | 4 | If the child eats less in response to emotions | |
Fussiness | 6 | The child eats a limited variety of food | |
Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ), | 49 | ||
Musher-Eizenman & Holub 2007 [46] | Monitoring | 4 | Parents keep track of child’s intake of less healthy foods |
Emotional regulation | 3 | Parents use food to regulate the child’s emotional stress | |
Food as a reward | 3 | Parents use food as a reward for child behaviour | |
Child control | 5 | Parents allow the child control of his/her eating behaviors and parent-child feeding interactions | |
Modeling | 4 | Parents actively demonstrate healthy eating for the child | |
Restriction for weight | 8 | Parents control the child’s food intake with the purpose of decreasing or maintaining the child’s weight | |
Restriction for health | 4 | Parents control the child’s food intake with the purpose of limiting less healthy foods and sweets | |
Teaching nutrition | 3 | Parents use explicit didactic techniques to encourage the consumption of healthy foods | |
Encourage balance and variety | 4 | Parents promote well-balanced food intake, including the consumption of varied foods and healthy food choices | |
Pressure to eat | 4 | Parents pressure the child to consume more food at meals | |
Healthy environment | 4 | Parents make healthy foods available in the home | |
Involvement | 3 | Parent’s encourage child’s involvement in meal planning and preparation |