Table 1 Association of socioeconomic factors with tobacco smoking (Male)
From: Socioeconomic factors associated with tobacco smoking among adult males in Sri Lanka
Variable | Categories | Current Frequency | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daily (%) | Not daily (%) | |||||
Age (Years) | 19–39 | 99 (38.8) | 52 (47.3) | 1 | ||
40–59 | 125 (49.0) | 44 (40.0) | 0.462 | 0.125–1.711 | 0.248 | |
60–79 | 31 (12.2) | 14 (12.7) | 0.355 | 0.108–1.160 | 0.086 | |
Educational level | Up to Ordinary level | 159 (62.3) | 52 (47.3) | 1 | ||
Up to Advanced level | 66 (25.9) | 35 (31.8) | 0.377 | 0.117–1.216 | 0.103 | |
Diploma/Degree | 30 (11.8) | 23 (20.9) | 0.140 | 0.036–0.427 | 0.041 | |
Employment | Government | 119 (45.8) | 55 (50.0) | 1 | ||
Private | 70 (26.1) | 33 (30.0) | 2.431 | 0.862–6.855 | 0.093 | |
Self-employment | 66 (26.1) | 22 (20.0) | 5.036 | 1.632–15.545 | 0.005 | |
Duration of employment (Years) | < 1 | 17 (6.7) | 5 (4.5) | 1 | ||
1–10 | 107 (41.9) | 56 (50.9) | 0.204 | 0.025–1.637 | 0.134 | |
11–20 | 82 (32.2) | 32 (29.1) | 1.263 | 0.404–3.949 | 0.688 | |
> 20 | 49 (19.2) | 17 (15.5) | 1.164 | 0.364–3.719 | 0.798 | |
Monthly income (LKR) | < 10,000 (< 55.5 USD) | 12 (4.7) | 2 (1.8) | 1 | 0.462-1.855 | |
10,001–50,000 (55.5–277.7 USD) | 174 (68.2) | 68 (61.8) | 0.302 | 0.419 | ||
50,001–100,000 (277.7–555.5USD) | 61 (23.9) | 34 (30.9) | 0.081 | 0.012–0.568 | 0.011 | |
> 100,000 (> 555.5 USD) | 8 (3.1) | 6 (5.5) | 0.106 | 0.016–0.724 | 0.022 | |
First exposure of smoking (Years old) | < 18 | 134 (52.5) | 44 (40.0) | 1 | ||
> 18 | 121 (47.5) | 66 (60.0) | 0.418 | 0.188–0.933 | 0.033 | |
Influence to smoking | Self-preferred | 62 (24.3) | 24 (30.8) | 1 | ||
Friends | 163 (63.9) | 62 (28.0) | 0.120 | 0.030–0.484 | 0.003 | |
Others | 30 (11.8) | 23 (43.2) | 0.219 | 0.071–0.670 | 0.008 | |
Current form of tobacco | Cigarette | 172 (67.5) | 86 (78.1) | 1 | ||
Cigar | 6 (2.3) | 1 (0.9) | 1.470 | 0.577–3.741 | 0.419 | |
Beedi | 17 (6.7) | 3 (2.7) | 0.254 | 0.010–6.742 | 0.413 | |
Others | 60 (23.5) | 20 (18.2) | 0.362 | 0.057–2.311 | 0.283 | |
Form of cigarette | Premade cigarette | 140 (81.2) | 73 (84.5) | 1 | ||
Roll on your own | 23 (13.3) | 10 (9.1) | 0.506 | 0.104–2.465 | 0.399 | |
Both | 9 (5.5) | 3 (5.4) | 0.552 | 0.206–1.435 | 0.106 | |
Types of cigarette | Gold leaf | 80 (46.6) | 36 (42.0) | 1 | ||
Bristol | 30 (17.6) | 13 (15.2) | 1.018 | 0.429–2.419 | 0.970 | |
Others | 62 (35.7) | 37 (40.2) | 0.420 | 0.139–1.272 | 0.125 | |
Past frequency | Daily | 223 (87.4) | 33 (30.0) | 1 | ||
Not daily | 23 (9.0) | 72 (65.5) | 0.273 | 0.049–1.509 | 0.137 | |
Never | 9 (3.5) | 5 (4.5) | 10.396 | 1.779–60.868 | 0.009 | |
Weekly expenditure (LKR) | < 250 (< 1.4 USD) | 54 (21.2) | 60 (23.5) | 1 | ||
250–500 (1.4–2.8 USD) | 92 (36.0) | 23 (20.9) | 16.705 | 4.446–6.765 | < 0.001 | |
501–1000 (2.8–5.6 USD) | 46 (18.0) | 21 (19.1) | 1.993 | 0.555–7.155 | 0.290 | |
> 1000 (> 5.6 USD) | 63 (24.7) | 6 (5.5) | 0.704 | 0.669–10.927 | 0.163 | |
Number of Smoking friends | None | 11 (4.3) | 3 (2.7) | 1 | ||
< 10 | 78 (30.6) | 44 (40.0) | 0.091 | 0.011–0.775 | 0.028 | |
> 10 | 43 (16.7) | 14 (12.7) | 0.431 | 0.130–1.429 | 0.169 | |
Everyone | 65 (25.5) | 19 (17.2) | 0.346 | 0.083–1.445 | 0.146 | |
Not sure | 58 (22.7) | 30 (27.2) | 0.594 | 0.161–2.190 | 0.435 | |
Awareness of new price | Yes | 239 (93.7) | 103 (93.6) | 1 | ||
No | 16 (6.3) | 7 (6.4) | 1.297 | 0.304–5.538 | 0.726 | |
Amount after new price | Same amount | 149 (58.5) | 67 (61.8) | 1 | ||
< 10 | 95 (37.2) | 43 (39.2) | 1.485 | 0.109–20.282 | 0.767 | |
> 10 | 8 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.889 | 0.203–41.050 | 0.433 | |