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Table 1 Characteristics of the studies selected in the systematic review of the prevalence of depression in elderly population, India, 1997–2016

From: Prevalence of depression among the elderly (60 years and above) population in India, 1997–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis

S.No

Author, Year of Publication (study number)

State/ Study Setting

Sampling technique†

Age (yrs)

Screening tool

Dementia patients excluded

Combined Prevalence in % ‡

Prevalence in males,% §

Prevalence in females,%¶

Quality Score

1

Abhishekh HA et al., 2013

Karnataka/

Rural

US

≥ 60

HDRS

No

14.3 (10/70)

12.1 (4/33)

16.2 (6/37)

5

2

Ahmed MS et al, 2016

Karnataka/

Urban

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

36.7 (312/850)

32.3 (132/409)

40.8 (180/441)

7

3

Arumugam B et al, 2013 (A)

Tamil Nadu/Rural

US

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

79.5 (66/83)

66.7 (18/27)

85.7 (48/56)

4

4

Arumugam B et al, 2013 (B)

Tamil Nadu/Urban

US

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

80 (72/90)

63.3 (19/30)

88.3 (53/60)

4

5

Arvind P et al.,

2004

Kerala/ Rural

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

24.7 (64/259)

18.5 (22/119)

30.0 (42/140)

8

6

Barua A et al., 2010

Karnataka/Rural

SiRS

≥ 60

MDIPC v2.2

Yes

21.7 (132/609)

19.9 (43/216)

22.6 (89/393)

8

7

BayapareddyPM et al.,2012

Tamil Nadu/ Rural

CRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

Yes

47 (376/800)

37.5 (150/400)

56.5 (226/400)

7

8

Behera P et al., 2016

Haryana/ Rural

SiRS

≥ 60

GDS – 30

Yes

27.3 (108/395)

23.3 (40/172)

30.5 (68/223)

8

9

Bodhare TN et al, 2013

Andhra Pradesh/ Rural

US

≥ 60

PHQ 9

No

44.7 (85/190)

3

10

Dasgupta A et al, 2013

West Bengal/Rural

CS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

58.8 (50/85)

48.4 (15/31)

64.8 (35/54)

7

11

Dasgupta A et al, 2014

West Bengal/Urban

StRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

46.9 (61/130)

36.1 (22/61)

56.5 (39/69)

7

12

Deshpande SS et al., 2011

Maharashtra/ Rural

SyRS

≥ 65

GDS – 15

No

41.1 (74/180)

40.2 (37/92)

42.0 (37/88)

6

13

Dhar G et al., 2013

West Bengal/Urban

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

59.8 (122/204)

5

14

Dhuria M et al., 2014

Delhi/ Urban

Not known

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

45.6 (114/250)

2

15

D’souza L et al., 2015

Karnataka/Urban

Not known

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

51.9 (109/210)

33 (35/106)

71.2 (74/104)

4

16

Dumbray SS et al, 2014

Maharashtra/

Urban

CS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

30 (30/100)

5

17

Ganguli M et al., 1999

Haryana/ Rural

Not known

> 60

GDS – 30

Yes

46.4 (646/1391)

40.4 (294/727)

53 (352/664)

7

18

Goel PK et al., 2014

Uttar Pradesh/Urban

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

9.4 (38/403)

9.7 (20/207)

9.2 (18/196)

7

19

Goyal A et al., 2014 (A)

Punjab/ Rural

Not known

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

74.6 (44/59)

5

20

Goyal A et al., 2014 (B)

Punjab/Urban

Not known

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

80.5 (33/41)

5

21

Gupta A et al., 2015

Uttar Pradesh/Urban

MRS

≥ 60

GDS – 30

Yes

15.6 (22/141)

11 (11/100)

26.8 (11/41)

4

22

Gupta SK et al., 2012

Madhya Pradesh/ Urban

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

9.6 (20/208)

12.1 (11/91)

7.7 (9/117)

4

23

Ishikawa M et al, 2016

Jammu and Kashmir/ Rural

PS

≥ 60

PHQ-2

No

7.9 (9/114)

4

24

Jain RK et al., 2007

Maharashtra/

Urban

LQS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

45.9 (90/196)

38 (38/100)

54.2 (52/96)

7

25

Jariwala V et al.,2010

Gujrat/Urban

CS

≥ 60

BDI (G)

No

35.7 (25/70)

5

26

Jonas Jost B et al, 2014

Maharashtra/

Rural

CS

≥ 60

CES-D

No

58.5 (802/1370)

48.1 (311/647)

67.9 (491/723)

8

27

Kamble SV et al, 2009

Maharashtra/

Rural

SyRS

≥ 60

Goldberg & Bridges scale

No

31.4 (155/494)

24.6 (57/232)

37.4 (98/262)

8

28

Kumar S et al., 2013

Andhra Pradesh/ Rural

CRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

Yes

47 (188/400)

37.5 (75/200)

56.5 (113/200)

7

29

Mathias K et al. 2015

Uttarakhand/

Unclassified

2 s CRS

≥ 60

PHQ 9

No

5.5 (6/109)

7

30

Maulik S et al., 2012

West Bengal/Rural

CRS

≥ 60

GDS- 15

(Bengali)

No

53.7 (44/82)

33.3 (9/27)

63.6 (35/55)

7

31

Nair SS et al., 2013

Karnataka/ Urban

SiRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

32.4 (59/182)

32.0 (24/75)

32.7 (35/107)

3

32

Nandi PS et al., 1997

West Bengal/Rural

US

≥ 60

WHO TRS

Yes

55.2 (101/183)

37.6 (32/85)

70.4 (69/98)

4

33

Patil SD et al., 2015

Karnataka/Rural

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

29.4 (114/388)

28 (37/132)

30.1 (77/256)

7

34

Payghan BS et al, 2013

Karnataka/Urban

StRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

41.7 (90/216)

38.5 (40/104)

44.6 (50/112)

7

35

Pilania M et al., 2016

Haryana/Rural

2 s CRS

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

14.4 (72/500)

8.7 (20/231)

19.3 (52/269)

7

36

Pongiya UD et al, 2011

Tamil Nadu/

Rural

Not known

≥ 60

CES-D

No

22 (20/91)

28.3 (13/46)

15.6 (7/45)

3

37

Poongothai S et al, 2009

Tamil Nadu/

Urban

MRS

≥ 60

PHQ 12

Yes

28.5 (622/2186)

25.9(296/1142)

31.2 (326/1044)

8

38

Pracheth R et al., 2013

Karnataka/ Urban

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

29.4 (64/218)

25.9 (21/81)

31.4 (43/137)

7

39

Radhakrishnan S et al., 2013

Tamil Nadu/

Rural

SiRS

≥ 60

GDS – 30

No

58.8 (235/400)

45.2 (76/168)

68.5 (159/232)

7

40

Raul A et al., 2013

Maharashtra/ Urban

Not known

≥ 60

MDIPC v2.2

No

21.3 (46/216)

41

Saikia AM et al., 2016

Assam/Urban

CRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

Yes

17.3 (69/400)

14.5 (27/186)

19.6 (42/214)

7

42

Sandhya GI et al., 2010

Kerala/ Rural

StRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

25.4 (65/256)

29.1 (30/103)

22.9 (35/153)

7

43

Sanjay TV et al., 2014

Karnataka/Urban

SiRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15 (Kannada)

No

36 (36/100)

29.5 (13/44)

41.1 (23/56)

7

44

Santosh A et al., 2014

Karnataka/Urban

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS

No

33.3 (50/150)

31.1 (14/45)

34.3 (36/105)

7

45

Seby K et al., 2011

Maharashtra/

Urban

US

≥ 65

GDS – 15

Yes

19.3 (39/202)

4

46

Sengupta P et al., 2015 (A)

Punjab/ Rural

US

≥ 60

GDS – 15

Yes

7.3 (91/1248)

5.7 (33/579)

8.7 (58/669)

8

47

Sengupta P et al., 2015 (B)

Punjab/Urban

US

≥ 60

GDS – 15

Yes

10.1 (180/1790)

7.5 (60/805)

12.2 (120/985)

8

48

Sharma K et al., 2016 (A)

Himachal Pradesh/ Rural

2 s CRS

≥ 60

HDRS

No

7.3 (29/400)

7

49

Sharma K et al., 2016 (B)

Himachal Pradesh/ Urban

2 s CRS

≥ 60

HDRS

No

11.8 (47/400)

7

50

Sinha SP et al., 2013

Tamil Nadu/

Rural

US

≥ 60

GDS – 15

Yes

42.7 (44/103)

29.3 (17/58)

60 (27/45)

5

51

Suganathan S et al, 2016

Tamilnadu/Rural

CRS

≥ 60

GDS

No

70.4 (317/450)

56.8 (100/176)

79.2 (217/274)

7

52

Sundru M et al., 2013 (A)

Andhra Pradesh/ Rural

SiRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

36 (216/600)

6

53

Sundru M et al., 2013 (B)

Andhra Pradesh/ Urban

SiRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

27.3 (164/600)

6

54

Swarnalatha N et al., 2013

Andhra Pradesh/ Rural

SiRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

47 (188/400)

37.5 (75/200)

56.5 (113/200)

7

55

Thirthahalli C et al, 2014

Karnataka/Urban

StRS

≥ 60

CES-D

Yes

37.8 (179/473)

28.8 (40/139)

41.6(139/334)

8

56

Yadav SP et al., 2013

Maharashtra/

Urban

SyRS

≥ 60

GDS – 15

No

15.9 (43/270)

14 (18/129)

17.7 (25/141)

6

  1. †US- Universal Sampling (all eligible participants selected); SyRS – Systematic Random Sampling; SiRS –Simple Random Sample; CRS – Cluster Random Sampling; StRS – Stratified Random Sampling; CS – Convenience Sampling; PS – Purposive Sampling; LQS – Lots Quality Sampling; MRS – Multistage Random Sampling; 2 s CRS – Two stage cluster random sampling
  2. ‡No. of positive patients/ Total participants; § No. of positive males / Total males; ¶ No. of positive females / Total females