Table 3 Multiple logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, life style and biological characteristics associated with eGFR< 60 in the absence of hypertension, diabetes and proteinuria
Variable | Males | Females | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p value | N | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p value | |||
Age | 1037 | 1.1 | 1.08 | 1.14 | < 0.001 | 2314 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | < 0.001 |
Number of years of education in schools and in higher education institutes | 1037 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 2314 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.16 |
Study area | ||||||||||
Area 1 | 190 | 1.0 | 439 | 1.0 | ||||||
Area 2 | 236 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 6.7 | 0.04 | 453 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 6.8 | 0.02 |
Area 3 | 219 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 6.1 | 0.05 | 431 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 0.92 |
Area 4 | 188 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 9.5 | 0.003 | 484 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 8.5 | 0.006 |
Area 5 | 204 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 8.8 | 0.007 | 507 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 5.3 | 0.08 |
History of CKD among parents or siblings | ||||||||||
Yes | 345 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 0.001 | 725 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 0.02 |
No | 690 | 1.0 | 1589 | .01 | ||||||
Occupation | ||||||||||
Ever occupied in any farming and duration | ||||||||||
No farming | 179 | 1.0 | 829 | 1.0 | ||||||
Part time farming for < 10 yrs | 145 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 6.8 | 0.65 | 157 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 4.0 | 0.97 |
Part time farming for ≥10 yrs | 296 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 7.0 | 0.28 | 253 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 0.40 |
Full time farming for < 10 yrs | 57 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.30 | 291 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.20 |
Full time farming for ≥10 yrs | 360 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 0.25 | 784 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 0.34 |
Use of fertilizers/ Weedicides/ Pesticides | ||||||||||
Yes | 739 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.85 | 699 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.05 |
No | 298 | 1.0 | 1615 | 1.0 | ||||||
Life style factors | ||||||||||
Ever smoking | ||||||||||
Yes | 523 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 0.02 | 16 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 19.7 | 0.24 |
No | 514 | 1.0 | 2298 | 1.0 | ||||||
Alcohol ever use | ||||||||||
Yes | 744 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.38 | 43 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 6.8 | 0.57 |
No | 293 | 1.0 | 2271 | 1.0 | ||||||
Deep-wells as the drinking water source | ||||||||||
Yes | 793 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.20 | 1721 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.18 |
No | 244 | 1.0 | 593 | 1.0 | ||||||
Shallow wells as the drinking water source | ||||||||||
Yes | 84 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.12 | 169 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.34 |
No | 953 | 1.0 | 2145 | 1.0 | ||||||
Tube well as the drinking water source | ||||||||||
Yes | 104 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.70 | 239 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.70 |
No | 933 | 1.0 | 2075 | 1.0 | ||||||
Amount of water consumed per day | ||||||||||
Less than 3 l | 407 | 1.0 | 0.06 | 1524 | 1.0 | 0.28 | ||||
3 or more liters | 630 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 790 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.3 | ||
Work outside exposed to the sun | ||||||||||
Less than 20 h per week | 458 | 1.0 | 0.29 | 1698 | 1.0 | 0.87 | ||||
20 h or more per week | 579 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 616 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.9 | ||
Snake bite (any snake) | ||||||||||
Yes | 82 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.17 | 92 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 4.7 | 0.22 |
No | 955 | 1.0 | 2222 | 1.0 | ||||||
Biological factors | ||||||||||
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 1037 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.78 | 2314 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.11 |
Body fat % | 1037 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.35 | 2314 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.22 |
Body water % | 1037 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.09 | 2314 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.58 |