Table 1 Definitions of intervention functions and policies

Education

Increasing knowledge or understanding

Persuasion

Using communication to induce positive or negative feelings or stimulate action

Incentivisation

Creating expectation of reward

Coercion

Creating expectation of punishment or cost

Training

Imparting skills

Restriction

Using rules to increase the target behaviour by reducing opportunity to engage in competing behaviours

Environmental restructuring

Changing the physical or social context

Modelling

Providing an example for people to aspire to or imitate

Enablement

Increasing means/reducing barriers to increase capability (beyond education and training) or opportunity (beyond environmental restructuring)

 Communication/marketing

Using print, electronic, telephonic or broadcast media

 Guidelines

Creating documents that recommend or mandate practice. Includes changes to service provision

 Fiscal

Using the tax system to reduce or increase the financial cost

 Regulation

Establishing rules or principles of behaviour or practice

 Legislation

Making or changing laws

 Environmental/social planning

Designing/controlling the physical or social environment

 Service provision

Delivering a service