Fig. 1

The Behaviour Change Wheel (used with permission from authors) [29]. The behaviour change wheel has three layers, the innermost being the sources of behaviour, namely, capability, opportunity and motivation with each comprising a number of affordances, such as physical, social, etc.; the middle layer comprises nine intervention functions, such as education, persuasion, incentivisation, etc.; and the outermost layer comprises seven policy categories for example, environmental and social planning, communication/marketing, etc. Each of the components within the behaviour change system is not static, but interact with each other in a dynamic manner to explain behaviour change