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Table 2 Description of injury outcomes by population groups

From: Complications, burden and in-hospital death among hospital treated injury patients in Victoria, Australia: a data linkage study

 

Outcomes

In-hospital death, n (%)a

Average number of CHADx complicationsb, mean (CI)

Care needed post index admission dischargec, n (%)

Hospital cost of index admissiond,a (A$), mean (CI)

Length of stay of index admission (days), median (IQR)

No of patients selected for analysis

152,795

152,835

148,539

118,570

152,835

No of patients with outcome

1341

20300e

39,731

118,570

152,835

Overall indicator

0.9%

2.4 (2.4–2.5)

26.8%

7013 (6929–7096)

1 (1–3)

Age group (years)

 0–14 years

9 (0.0)

1.5 (1.4–1.6)

7451 (35.5)

3221 (3092–3350)

1 (1–1)

 15–24 years

13 (0.1)

1.8 (1.7–1.9)

5282 (23.5)

4639 (4476–4802)

1 (1–1)

 25–44 years

57 (0.2)

1.9 (1.8–1.9)

7606 (21.9)

5311 (5156–5466)

1 (1–2)

 45–64 years

79 (0.3)

2.1 (2.0–2.1)

6318 (21.9)

6864 (6658–7071)

1 (1–3)

 65–84 years

459 (1.6)

2.6 (2.6–2.7)

7261 (27.0)

11,484 (11233–11,736)

3 (1–13)

 85 and over

724 (4.4)

2.9 (2.9–3.0)

5813 (39.8)

13,380 (13067–13,694)

6 (1–21)

Gender

 Male

671 (0.8)

2.4 (2.3–2.4)

21,698 (26.1)

6336 (6225–6446)

1 (1–2)

 Female

670 (1.0)

2.5 (2.4–2.5)

18,033 (27.6)

7889 (7762–8017)

1 (1–5)

Number of comorbiditiesf

 0

430 (0.3)

2.1 (2.1–2.2)

30,797 (25.5)

5373 (5298–5448)

1 (1–2)

 1

379 (1.8)

2.7 (2.6–2.7)

5891 (29.6)

10,725 (10447–11,003)

2 (1–10)

 2

276 (4.8)

3.0 (2.9–3.1)

1942 (37.6)

17,230 (16497–17,964)

6 (2–20)

 3

152 (7.2)

3.2 (3.0–3.3)

745 (39.4)

21,173 (20059–22,288)

10 (4–27)

  > 3

104 (11.3)

3.6 (3.4–3.9)

356 (45.6)

29,884 (27596–32,172)

18 (7–36)

Injury severityg

 Serious injury (ICISS< 0.941)

945 (5.0)

3.1 (3.0–3.1)

6617 (38.0)

21,019 (20544–21,494)

9 (3–26)

 Other injury (ICISS> = 0.941)

396 (0.3)

1.9 (1.9–2.0)

33,114 (25.3)

4988 (4931–5045)

1 (1–2)

 Body region

 Head

312 (1.2)

2.5 (2.4–2.6)

5533 (22.1)

4974 (4774–5173)

1 (1–1)

 Neck

42 (1.2)

2.6 (2.4–2.9)

630 (19.0)

7879 (6966–8791)

1 (1–3)

 Thorax

99 (1.3)

2.5 (2.4–2.6)

1382 (19.4)

8614 (8132–9095)

2 (1–7)

 Abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine & pelvis

106 (1.1)

2.4 (2.3–2.5)

2319 (25.6)

8894 (8488–9300)

2 (1–11)

 Shoulder & upper arm

74 (0.7)

2.0 (1.9–2.1)

2825 (25.7)

7192 (6938–7445)

1 (1–3)

 Elbow & forearm

21 (0.1)

1.7 (1.6–1.7)

4456 (29.2)

5257 (5132–5382)

1 (1–2)

 Wrist & hand

7 (0.0)

1.4 (1.3–1.5)

7980 (31.3)

3259 (3206–3312)

1 (1–1)

 Hip & thigh

503 (3.9)

3.1 (3.0–3.2)

4623 (39.0)

18,695 (18306–19,084)

8 (2–26)

 Knee & lower leg

52 (0.3)

1.9 (1.9–2.0)

4903 (25.1)

9273 (9011–9536)

2 (1–4)

 Ankle & foot

7 (0.1)

1.8 (1.6–1.9)

1338 (24.0)

5158 (4881–5436)

1 (1–2)

 Foreign body

11 (0.4)

1.8 (1.6–2.1)

617 (24.4)

2879 (2697–3060)

1 (1–2)

 Burns

6 (0.3)

2.6 (2.3–2.8)

608 (34.3)

10,265 (8864–11,666)

1 (1–4)

 Multiple body regions

0 (0.0)

2.0 (0.9–3.1)

7 (21.2)

3888 (1728–6049)

1 (1–2)

 Unspecified body region

2 (0.4)

1.9 (1.4–2.3)

84 (16.2)

4869 (3663–6076)

1 (1–4)

 Body region not relevant

99 (0.9)

2.2 (2.1–2.4)

2426 (23.2)

5417 (5148–5687)

1 (1–3)

Grouped injury type (first occurring)

 Superficial injury

32 (0.4)

1.9 (1.8–2.1)

1363 (19.1)

3547 (3371–3723)

1 (1–2)

 Open wound

44 (0.2)

1.7 (1.7–1.8)

6065 (29.2)

3352 (3266–3438)

1 (1–4)

 Fracture

769 (1.2)

2.6 (2.6–2.6)

19,884 (32.2)

10,096 (9959–10,232)

2 (1–6)

 Dislocation, sprain & strain

18 (0.2)

1.6 (1.5–1.8)

1515 (14.5)

4005 (3820–4191)

1 (1–1)

 Injury to nerves & spinal cord

11 (0.6)

2.7 (2.3–3.2)

612 (31.2)

11,097 (9125–13,069)

1 (1–2)

 Injury to blood vessels

7 (0.5)

1.9 (1.6–2.3)

389 (29.8)

8686 (7363–10,009)

1 (1–2)

 Injury to muscle & tendon

5 (0.1)

1.6 (1.5–1.7)

1806 (22.2)

4075 (3923–4227)

1 (1–2)

 Crushing injury

0 (0.0)

1.2 (0.8–1.5)

86 (26.5)

2428 (1841–3015)

1 (1–1)

 Traumatic amputation

< 5

2.0 (1.7–2.4)

550 (34.8)

5758 (5151–6366)

1 (1–2)

 Eye injury- excluding foreign body

< 5

1.9 (1.4–2.3)

227 (48.4)

5862 (4676–7048)

1 (1–3)

 Intracranial injury

260 (4.3)

3.0 (2.9–3.2)

1066 (19.0)

9675 (8970–10,380)

1 (1–5)

 Injury to internal organs

27 (1.6)

2.7 (2.5–2.9)

431 (26.8)

14,381 (13146–15,616)

4 (2–8)

 Foreign body

11 (0.4)

1.8 (1.6–2.1)

617 (24.4)

2879 (2697–3060)

1 (1–1)

 Burns

6 (0.3)

2.6 (2.3–2.8)

608 (34.3)

10,265 (8864–11,666)

1 (1–5)

 Other and unspecified injury

50 (0.4)

1.8 (1.7–1.9)

2086 (16.4)

3189 (3062–3317)

1 (1–1)

 Systemic-poisoning/toxic effects

52 (0.5)

2.1 (2.0–2.3)

2175 (23.2)

4794 (4566–5022)

1 (1–2)

 Other effects of external cause/complication

47 (4.0)

2.6 (2.3–3.0)

251 (22.9)

11,259 (9494–13,023)

2 (1–6)

SEIFA

 1

152 (0.9)

2.5 (2.4–2.6)

5142 (32.1)

6990 (6767–7214)

1 (1–3)

 2

#

2.4 (2.3–2.6)

#

#

1 (1–3)

 3

112 (1.1)

2.5 (2.4–2.6)

2745 (28.4)

7391 (7087–7695)

1 (1–4)

 4

154 (0.9)

2.4 (2.3–2.5)

5274 (32.2)

7341 (7081–7602)

1 (1–3)

 5

87 (0.9)

2.4 (2.3–2.5)

3057 (30.8)

6412 (6135–6688)

1 (1–2)

 6

85 (0.8)

2.3 (2.2–2.4)

3057 (27.9)

6824 (6494–7153)

1 (1–3)

 7

75 (0.7)

2.5 (2.4–2.6)

2987 (27.5)

7079 (6780–7377)

1 (1–3)

 8

207 (0.8)

2.4 (2.4–2.5)

5156 (21.7)

6736 (6526–6947)

1 (1–3)

 9

197 (0.9)

2.4 (2.4–2.5)

5632 (25.6)

7069 (6841–7297)

1 (1–3)

 10

195 (0.9)

2.4 (2.4–2.5)

4000 (19.0)

7066 (6816–7315)

1 (1–3)

 999

< 5

–

< 5

< 5

< 5

 

Outcomes

Use of critical care services at index admission n (%)

Readmissionh, n (%)

ICU stay

>  0 h

MV use

>  0 h

CCU stay

>  0 h

30 day-all-cause

30 day -non-planned

30 day-potentially avoidable

No of patients selected for analysis

152,835

152,835

152,835

149,943

149,943

149,943

No of patients with outcome

4519

2234

664

18,514

11,803

4777

Overall indicator

3.0%

1.5%

0.4%

12.3%

7.9%

3.2%

Age group (years)

 0–14 years

158 (0.8)

77 (0.4)

8 (0.0)

1346 (6.4)

856 (4.1)

380 (1.8)

 15–24 years

687 (3.0)

418 (1.8)

64 (0.3)

1893 (8.4)

1244 (5.5)

512 (2.3)

 25–44 years

1244 (3.5)

780 (2.2)

94 (0.3)

3508 (10.1)

2369 (6.8)

1083 (3.1)

 45–64 years

1069 (3.6)

563 (1.9)

143 (0.5)

3627 (12.5)

2182 (7.5)

1000 (3.5)

 65–84 years

962 (3.4)

332 (1.2)

222 (0.8)

4992 (18.3)

3032 (11.1)

1123 (4.1)

 85 and over

399 (2.4)

64 (0.4)

133 (0.8)

3148 (20.3)

2120 (13.6)

679 (4.4)

Gender

 Male

2645 (3.1)

1429 (1.7)

325 (0.4)

9292 (11.1)

6071 (7.3)

2647 (3.2)

 Female

1874 (2.8)

805 (1.2)

339 (0.5)

9222 (13.9)

5732 (8.6)

2130 (3.2)

Number of comorbiditiesf

 0

1936 (1.6)

924 (0.8)

310 (0.3)

13,105 (10.8)

8091 (6.7)

3490 (2.9)

 1

1400 (6.7)

746 (3.5)

175 (0.8)

3491 (17.2)

2339 (11.5)

818 (4.0)

 2

724 (12.7)

366 (6.4)

106 (1.9)

1172 (22.1)

825 (15.6)

277 (5.2)

 3

280 (13.2)

135 (6.4)

42 (2.0)

484 (25.1)

346 (17.9)

124 (6.4)

  > 3

179 (19.4)

63 (6.8)

31 (3.4)

262 (32.3)

202 (24.9)

68 (8.4)

Injury severityg

 Serious injury (ICISS< 0.941)

2367 (12.4)

1171 (6.1)

192 (1.0)

3364 (18.8)

2366 (13.2)

953 (5.3)

 Other injury (ICISS> = 0.941)

2152 (1.6)

1063 (0.8)

472 (0.4)

15,150 (11.5)

9437 (7.1)

3824 (2.9)

Body region

 Head

783 (3.0)

604 (2.3)

87 (0.3)

2654 (10.4)

1894 (7.5)

629 (2.5)

 Neck

147 (4.3)

77 (2.2)

13 (0.4)

351 (10.5)

261 (7.8)

93 (2.8)

 Thorax

617 (8.4)

224 (3.0)

59 (0.8)

1046 (14.6)

739 (10.3)

227 (3.2)

 Abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine & pelvis

346 (3.7)

125 (1.3)

31 (0.3)

1501 (16.3)

1031 (11.2)

354 (3.9)

 Shoulder & upper arm

100 (0.9)

27 (0.2)

38 (0.3)

1602 (14.4)

955 (8.6)

432 (3.9)

 Elbow & forearm

48 (0.3)

15 (0.1)

47 (0.3)

1925 (12.5)

1069 (7.0)

519 (3.4)

 Wrist & hand

27 (0.1)

10 (0.0)

57 (0.2)

2046 (8.0)

1149 (4.5)

572 (2.2)

 Hip & thigh

557 (4.3)

81 (0.6)

109 (0.8)

2249 (18.3)

1475 (12.0)

532 (4.3)

 Knee & lower leg

147 (0.7)

37 (0.2)

59 (0.3)

2260 (11.5)

1298 (6.6)

703 (3.6)

 Ankle & foot

15 (0.3)

6 (0.1)

8 (0.1)

653 (11.7)

441 (7.9)

241 (4.3)

 Foreign body

43 (1.7)

21 (0.8)

11 (0.4)

228 (9.0)

143 (5.6)

37 (1.5)

 Burns

113 (6.3)

75 (4.2)

7 (0.4)

275 (15.5)

222 (12.5)

138 (7.8)

 Multiple body regions

< 5

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

7 (21.2)

< 5

0 (0.0)

 Unspecified body region

< 5

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

81 (15.4)

#

12 (2.3)

 Body region not relevant

1573 (14.4)

932 (8.5)

138 (1.3)

1636 (15.6)

1075 (10.2)

288 (2.7)

Grouped injury type (first occurring)

 Superficial injury

56 (0.8)

26 (0.4)

15 9 (0.2)

853 (11.7)

565 (7.8)

157 (2.2)

 Open wound

86 (0.4)

43 (0.2)

60 (0.3)

1984 (9.4)

1226 (5.8)

523 (2.5)

 Fracture

1431 (2.3)

390 (0.6)

314 (0.5)

8868 (14.2)

5431 (8.7)

2642 (4.2)

 Dislocation, sprain & strain

28 (0.3)

< 5

13 (0.1)

902 (8.6)

556 (5.3)

216 (2.1)

 Injury to nerves & spinal cord

53 (2.7)

34 (1.7)

5 (0.3)

176 (9.0)

116 (5.9)

47 (2.4)

 Injury to blood vessels

49 (3.7)

30 (2.3)

7 (0.5)

107 (8.2)

66 (5.0)

#

 Injury to muscle & tendon

#

< 5

13 (0.2)

634 (7.8)

368 (4.5)

162 (2.0)

 Crushing injury

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

27 (8.3)

14 (4.3)

< 5

 Traumatic amputation

11 (0.7)

9 (0.6)

< 5

187 (11.8)

103 (6.5)

66 (4.2)

 Eye injury- excluding foreign body

< 5

< 5

< 5

92 (19.4)

63 (13.3)

23 (4.8)

 Intracranial injury

587 (9.7)

466 (7.7)

38 (0.6)

689 (12.2)

526 (9.3)

181 (3.2)

 Injury to internal organs

426 (25.3)

180 (10.7)

18 (1.1)

233 (14.4)

197 (12.2)

72 (4.5)

 Foreign body

43 (1.7)

21 (0.8)

11 (0.4)

228 (9.0)

143 (5.6)

37 (1.5)

 Burns

113 (6.3)

75 (4.2)

7 (0.4)

275 (15.5)

222 (12.5)

138 (7.8)

 Other and unspecified injury

43 (0.3)

20 (0.2)

22 (0.2)

1623 (12.5)

1132 (8.7)

198 (1.5)

 Systemic-poisoning/toxic effects

1451 (14.8)

853 (8.7)

126 (1.3)

1483 (15.8)

973 (10.4)

247 (2.6)

 Other effects of external cause/complication

122 (10.4)

79 (6.7)

12 (1.0)

153 (13.9)

102 (9.2)

41 (3.7)

SEIFA

614 (3.7)

277 (1.7)

52 (0.3)

1906 (11.8)

1335 (8.3)

554 (3.4)

 1

#

#

#

#

#

#

 2

395 (4.0)

155 (1.6)

69 (0.7)

1212 (12.4)

816 (8.4)

348 (3.6)

 3

539 (3.2)

275 (1.6)

67 (0.4)

2095 (12.6)

1404 (8.5)

538 (3.2)

 4

281 (2.8)

150 (1.5)

30 (0.3)

1086 (10.9)

716 (7.2)

302 (3.0)

 5

323 (2.9)

184 (1.6)

41 (0.4)

1340 (12.2)

904 (8.2)

394 (3.6)

 6

309 (2.8)

152 (1.4)

42 (0.4)

1265 (11.6)

857 (7.8)

350 (3.2)

 7

666 (2.7)

359 (1.5)

130 (0.5)

2924 (12.2)

1862 (7.8)

775 (3.2)

 8

581 (2.6)

284 (1.3)

115 (0.5)

2849 (12.8)

1711 (7.7)

652 (2.9)

 9

526 (2.4)

281 (1.3)

108 (0.5)

2792 (13.1)

1520 (7.1)

598 (2.8)

 10

< 5

< 5

< 5

< 5

< 5

< 5

 999

614 (3.7)

277 (1.7)

52 (0.3)

1906 (11.8)

1335 (8.3)

554 (3.4)

  1. Note:
  2. aPatients whose LOS was > 365 days were excluded
  3. bComplications listed in the index admission and related readmissions, includes statistical separations and transfers
  4. cIncludes separation to private residence/accommodation with support services, inpatient rehabilitation or institutional care, excludes patients who left against medical advice or died in hospital and those who did not originally come from private residence/accommodation
  5. dPatients with cost data available in public hospitals only, includes statistical separations and transfers to other hospitals, standardised 2012 prices
  6. ePresence of at least one CHADx code
  7. fComorbidities identified using Charlson and Elixhauser algorithms
  8. gWorst injury method-ICD-based Injury Severity Score less than or equal to 0.941 considered as serious injury
  9. hEligible index admissions excluded patients who died in hospital or left against medical advice
  10. < 5 Cells with frequency less than 5 or statistics based on less than 5 patients has been suppressed for confidentiality reasons. # Other cells may also be suppressed to protect the confidentiality of < 5 cells
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