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Table 3 Multivariate analysis of clinical characteristics associated with clinical and immunological failure in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, January 2014

From: Clinical and immunological failure among HIV-positive adults taking first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia

Factors

Failure (%)

No failure (%)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Baseline CD4 (n = 923)

 CD4 > 100 cells/cm3

125 (19.5)

516 (80.5)

1

1

 CD4 ≤ 100 cells/cm3

85 (30.2)

197 (69.8)

1.78 (1.29–2.45)

1.78 (1.18–2.69)*

WHO clinical stage when ART initiated (n = 949)

 Stage I/II

49 (17.9)

225 (82.1)

1

1

 Stage II/IV

166 (24.6)

509 (75.4)

1.50 (1.05–2.13)

0.39 (0.11–1.37)

NRTI-based first-line ART initiated to patients (n = 949)

 TDF based

51 (17.9)

234 (82.1)

1

1

 ZDV based

30 (22.1)

106 (77.9)

1.29 (0.78–2.18)

1.08 (0.42–2.79)

 D4T based

134 (25.4)

394 (74.6)

1.56 (1.09–2.24)

1.19 (0.47–3.05)

Type of health facility (n = 949)

 Health center

51(17.7)

237(82.3)

1

1

 Public hospital

141(25.0)

422 (75.0)

1.55 (1.09–2.22)

1.21 (0.64–2.28)

 Private hospital

23(23.5)

75(76.5)

1.42 (0.82–2.49)

0.94 (0.33–2.65)

Adherence at the least CD4 (n = 907)

 Good (> = 95%)

188 (21.8)

673 (78.2)

1

1

 Poor (< 95%)

25 (54.4)

21(45.6)

4.26 (2.33–7.78)

2.50 (1.19–5.25)*

Functional status of the patient at last visit on ART (n = 949)

 Working

185 (20.8)

703 (79.2)

1

1

Ambulatory/bedridden

30 (49.2)

31 (50.8)

3.68 (2.17–6.23)

2.41 (1.22–4.75)*

History of TB treatment while on ART (n = 949)

 Absent

171 (27.7)

655 (72.3)

1

1

 Present

44 (35.8)

79 (64.2)

2.13 (1.42–3.20)

1.57 (0.96–2.55)

ART interruption history (n = 949)

 Absent

157 (20.1)

652 (79.9)

1

1

 Present

58 (41.4)

82 (58.6)

2.94 (2.01–4.29)

1.93 (1.23–3.07)*

History of regimen change (n = 916)

 Absent

75 (16.0)

394 (84.0)

1

1

 Present

107 (23.9)

340 (76.1)

1.65 (1.19–2.29)

1.50 (1.05–2.15)*

Duration on ART (n = 949)

 6–24 months

51 (18.0)

233 (82.0)

1

1

 24–48 months

63 (22.7)

215 (77.3)

1.34 (0.89–2.02)

1.44 (0.87–2.38)

  ≥ 48 months

101 (26.1)

286 (73.9)

1.61 (1.10–2.35)

1.42 (0.79–2.54)

Status of the patient at the time of the survey (n = 949)

 Alive on ART

170 (28.3)

430 (71.7)

1

1

 Lost/dropped out

34 (29.8)

80 (70.2)

1.54 (0.98–2.40)

1.37 (0.78–2.40)

 Transferred out

36 (17.5)

170 (82.5)

0.77 (0.51–1.15)

0.99 (0.63–1.55)

 Died

15 (51.7)

14 (48.3)

3.87 (1.82–8.23)

3.94 (1.64–9.45)*

  1. NB: * = P < 0.05 and variables that fit in the final model