Waist circumference (WC) trajectory | p-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group A (Very low-stable) | Group B (Low-stable) | Group C (Moderate-stable) | Group D (Elevated-increasing) | Group E (High-increasing) | ||
N = 4992 | N = 635 | N = 1426 | N = 1662 | N = 1012 | N = 257 | |
Waist circumference, cm | ||||||
at baseline | 69.9 ± 4.5 | 77.1 ± 4.4 | 83.7 ± 4.0 | 90.1 ± 4.0 | 98.8 ± 5.0 | <.0001 |
at wave 4 | 69.5 ± 4.4 | 77.8 ± 4.2 | 85.5 ± 4.0 | 93.3 ± 3.9 | 102.3 ± 4.7 | <.0001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||
at baseline | 21.0 ± 2.0 | 23.1 ± 2.1 | 24.7 ± 2.0 | 26.7 ± 2.1 | 29.9 ± 2.5 | <.0001 |
at wave 4 | 20.9 ± 2.0 | 22.9 ± 2.0 | 24.6 ± 1.9 | 26.7 ± 2.1 | 29.8 ± 2.6 | <.0001 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dl | ||||||
at baseline | 84.7 ± 7.7 | 86.5 ± 8.0 | 87.7 ± 8.2 | 88.6 ± 8.1 | 88.9 ± 8.4 | <.0001 |
at wave 4 | 86.8 ± 8.0 | 90.5 ± 8.3 | 93.3 ± 9.1 | 95.7 ± 9.8 | 95.4 ± 9.7 | <.0001 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | ||||||
at baseline | 110.4 ± 17.3 | 115.6 ± 16.8 | 120.8 ± 17.5 | 125.9 ± 17.5 | 129.9 ± 18.4 | <.0001 |
at wave 4 | 107.4 ± 15.6 | 113.3 ± 15.0 | 118.7 ± 15.1 | 123.4 ± 15.6 | 127.3 ± 15.3 | <.0001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | ||||||
at baseline | 77.6 ± 11.1 | 77.3 ± 10.7 | 81.3 ± 11.3 | 84.2 ± 11.1 | 86.6 ± 10.9 | <.0001 |
at wave 4 | 74.7 ± 9.5 | 74.8 ± 9.5 | 78.3 ± 9.4 | 81.1 ± 9.1 | 82.5 ± 8.9 | <.0001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dl | ||||||
at baseline | 188.8 ± 32.7 | 192.6 ± 34.4 | 198.5 ± 35.0 | 201.8 ± 33.5 | 206.3 ± 38.2 | <.0001 |
at wave 4 | 194.9 ± 34.1 | 195.6 ± 34.9 | 196.3 ± 34.3 | 196.6 ± 34.5 | 198.6 ± 31.4 | 0.6138 |
N (%) | ||||||
Age, years | ||||||
< 50 | 235 (37.0) | 375 (26.3) | 344 (20.7) | 133 (13.1) | 28 (10.9) | <.0001 |
50–59 | 246 (38.7) | 635 (44.5) | 658 (39.6) | 386 (38.1) | 71 (27.6) | |
60+ | 154 (24.3) | 416 (29.2) | 660 (39.7) | 493 (48.7) | 158 (61.5) | |
Sex | ||||||
Women | 463 (72.9) | 809 (56.7) | 716 (43.1) | 488 (48.2) | 174 (67.7) | <.0001 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Former smoker | 63 (9.9) | 221 (15.5) | 416 (25.0) | 235 (23.2) | 34 (13.2) | <.0001 |
Current smoker | 74 (11.7) | 237 (16.6) | 307 (18.5) | 166 (16.4) | 30 (11.7) | |
Drinking status | ||||||
Yes | 226 (35.6) | 669 (46.9) | 900 (54.2) | 472 (46.6) | 108 (42.0) | <.0001 |
Regular exercise | ||||||
Yes | 294 (46.3) | 624 (43.8) | 677 (40.7) | 362 (35.8) | 74 (28.8) | <.0001 |