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Table 4 The estimated ORs (and 95% CIs) of SGA associated with estimated exposure levels during exposure period

From: Effect of ambient air pollution on premature SGA in Changzhou city, 2013–2016: a retrospective study

Air pollutants and model a

Trimester1

Trimester2

Trimester3

Whole gestation

OR b

95% CI

OR b

95% CI

OR b

95% CI

OR b

95% CI

PM2.5 (μg/m3)

 Single-model

1.01

0.47

3.02

1.34

0.67

1.98

1.09

0.67

1.86

1.03

0.67

1.31

 + SO2

1.66

0.62

1.77

1.13

0.96

1.72

1.18

1.03

2.83

1.63

1.38

2.57

 + NO2

1.37

0.53

1.86

1.26

0.68

1.98

1.03

0.53

1.26

1.24

0.74

2.17

 + SO2 + NO2

1.22

0.77

2.99

1.37

0.80

3.54

1.37

1.03

3.58

1.83

1.18

2.97

SO2 (μg/m3)

 Single-model

1.01

0.58

2.82

1.04

0.75

1.57

0.99

0.61

1.97

1.00

0.94

1.25

 + PM2.5

0.99

0.74

3.78

0.98

0.76

1.52

0.96

0.67

0.99

0.95

0.89

1.47

 + NO2

1.02

0.59

1.26

1.03

0.84

1.83

0.99

0.48

1.98

0.99

0.84

1.57

 + PM2.5 + NO2

1.03

0.74

3.31

1.10

0.95

1.52

1.17

0.76

2.71

1.05

0.76

2.99

NO2 (μg/m3)

 Single-model

1.04

0.80

2.97

1.24

0.58

1.67

1.00

0.92

1.41

1.00

0.67

1.94

 + PM2.5

0.99

0.52

1.34

1.01

0.94

1.95

0.99

0.89

1.46

0.99

0.92

1.57

 + SO2

1.26

0.66

1.82

1.01

0.94

2.97

1.01

0.95

2.17

1.14

0.88

2.18

 + PM2.5 + SO2

1.31

0.72

3.83

1.26

0.93

3.26

0.99

0.79

2.85

1.23

0.67

2.56

  1. SGA: small for gestational age, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, PM2.5: particular matter, NO2: nitrogen dioxide, SO2: sulphur dioxide
  2. a. Adjusting for infant gender, maternal age (< 20, 20–30, 30–40, > 40) and parity (once, twice or more), year of birth (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016), season of birth (spring, summer, autumn, winter), gestational age, and meteorological information (mean temperature, relative humidity and air pressure)
  3. b. OR per 10 units increase