SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC
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Age
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Younger adults inhale more pollution than older people, as their activity intensity and metabolic rate is higher. And young people generally care less about self-protection.
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≤ 30
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48% (12)
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76% (19)
|
62% (31)
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> 30
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52% (13)
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24% (6)
|
38% (19)
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Education
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Individuals who received a higher education have higher perceptions of air pollution and are more likely to take proper actions to limit personal exposure to ambient air pollution.
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Bachelor’s degree or below
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60% (15)
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40% (10)
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50% (25)
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Post-graduate degree
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40% (10)
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60% (15)
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50% (25)
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Marital status
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Single individuals tend to engage more in outdoor activities and spend more time on leisure activities than do married individuals, which put them at a higher risk of air pollution exposure.
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Single
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48% (12)
|
84% (21)
|
66% (33)
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Married
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52% (13)
|
16% (4)
|
34% (17)
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Annual income, RMB
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Low-income individuals are more susceptible to pollution threats because of the lack of self-protective equipment, longer-distance travel, and worse working and living environment.
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Low-middle: < 150,000
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32% (8)
|
36% (9)
|
34% (17)
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Middle-high class: > 150,000
|
68% (17)
|
64% (16)
|
66% (33)
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TRAVEL BEHAVIOR
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Commute time to work, hours
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Longer duration commuters increase their exposure time to unfiltered air contaminants.
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≤ 1
|
60% (15)
|
68% (17)
|
64% (32)
|
> 1
|
40% (10)
|
32% (8)
|
36% (18)
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Own vehicle, yes
|
40% (10)
|
20% (5)
|
30% (15)
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Individuals in vehicles are likely to be exposed to more pollution since a car in traffic takes in and trap pollution from the exhaust of vehicles in front of it. Pedestrians and cyclists have diluted pollutants due to better airflow.
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LIVING CONDITION
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Days suffered from passive smoking for more than 15 mins per week
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Individuals who are exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to inhale more pollutants.
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0
|
72% (18)
|
56% (14)
|
64% (32)
|
> 1
|
28% (7)
|
44% (11)
|
36% (18)
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Have ventilation system at home or office
|
56% (14)
|
40% (10)
|
48% (24)
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The air cleaning effect of ventilation system will lower the concentration of indoor air pollutants.
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HEALTH STATUS
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Body mass index, kg/m2
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Overweight or obese adults breathe more air per day than an adult with a healthy weight, which makes them more vulnerable to air contaminants.
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Normal (< 25)
|
68% (17)
|
84% (21)
|
76% (38)
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Overweight / Obese(≥25)
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32% (8)
|
16% (4)
|
24% (12)
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Respiratory diseases
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12% (3)
|
16% (4)
|
14% (7)
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Patients with respiratory diseases are more likely to be cautious about bad air quality days and tend to take more protections.
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