Table 3 Multivariate regression DID estimates of the impact of payment reform on cesarean delivery, costs of childbirth per admission, length of stay and readmission
Variable | Cesarean delivery | Ln (Total spending) | Ln (Government expenses) | Ln (OOPa payments) | OOPa % of total spending | Ln (Drug cost) | Ln (Diagnostic testing cost) | Ln (Other costb) | Ln (LOSc) | 30-day readmission | 60-day readmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reform*Period | −0.4150** (0.0645) | − 0.3146** (0.0210) | − 0.6030** (0.0264) | − 0.1424** (0.0217) | 8.7236** (0.4038) | − 0.8643** (0.0646) | − 0.2070** (0.0268) | − 0.2582** (0.0187) | − 0.1729** (0.0150) | 0.400 (0.3921) | 0.2772 (0.3312) |
Reform | − 0.1576* (0.0468) | − 0.1270** (0.0152) | 0.1737** (0.0191) | 0.2216** (0.0156) | −6.8458** (0.2909) | − 0.5569** (0.0459) | 0.1526** (0.0189) | − 0.1118** (0.0135) | 0.2252** (0.0109) | 0.1617 (0.2990) | 0.0279 (0.2605) |
Period | 0.5207** (0.0399) | 0.3036**(0.0132) | 0.6941** (0.0166) | 0.0651** (0.0137) | −12.5595** (0.2539) | 0.4665** (0.0393) | 0.2108** (0.0164) | 0.3257** (0.0118) | 0.0554** (0.0093) | −0.0081 (0.2715) | 0.2071 (0.2176) |
Age | 0.0415** (0.0046) | 0.0145**(0.0015) | 0.0145** (0.0019) | 0.0148** (0.0015) | 0.0135 (0.0286) | 0.0281** (0.0045) | 0.0008** (0.0019) | 0.0128** (0.0013) | 0.0047** (0.0011) | 0.0250 (0.0323) | 0.0083 (0.0256) |
Age2 | 0.0002 (0.0006) | −0.0001 (0.0002) | 0.0003 (0.0003) | −0.0003 (0.0002) | − 0.0105** (0.0041) | −0.0001 (0.0006) | 0.0002 (0.0003) | −0.0001 (0.0002) | − 0.000006 (0.0002) | −0.0232** (0.0075) | − 0.0151** (0.0054) |
Household | 0.1181 (0.1107) | 0.0050 (0.0365) | 0.0540 (0.0458) | −0.0173 (0.0376) | −1.3474 (0.6998) | −0.0453 (0.1105) | 0.0319 (0.0463) | −0.0010 (0.0324) | 0.0131 (0.0263) | −0.2862 (0.7209) | − 0.1916 (0.5903) |
Poverty | 0.4256* (0.1117) | 0.1303** (0.0372) | 0.1409** (0.0468) | 0.1305** (0.0383) | 0.0298 (0.7132) | 0.3559** (0.1116) | 0.1603** (0.0468) | 0.1010** (0.0330) | 0.0734** (0.0262) | −0.0418 (0.7166) | 0.5051 (0.4587) |
Tertiary | −0.2507** (0.0372) | 0.3339** (0.0121) | −0.0781** (0.0152) | 0.5562** (0.0125) | 13.1980** (0.2319) | 0.5286** (0.0364) | 0.7678** (0.0151) | 0.2575** (0.0107) | 0.0797** (0.0086) | 0.363 (0.2073) | 0.4586** (0.1696) |
N | 17,311 | 17,310 | 17,297 | 17,310 | 17,310 | 16,578 | 16,598 | 17,310 | 16,894 | 17,311 | 17,311 |