|
Variables
|
Overall
|
nonsmokers
|
smokers
|
p*
|
|---|
|
(n = 26,282)
|
(n = 19,632)
|
(n = 6650)
|
|---|
|
Age (yrs), M ± SD
|
38.1 ± 16.06
|
36.6 ± 16.26
|
42.2 ± 14.57
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Range (yrs)
|
12–99
|
12–99
|
12–93
| |
|
12–17, %
|
10.2%
|
13.2%
|
1.7%
|
–
|
|
18–29, %
|
23.3%
|
24.5%
|
19.2%
|
–
|
|
30–39, %
|
17.2%
|
17.3%
|
17.0%
|
–
|
|
40–49, %
|
28.8%
|
26.3%
|
36.0%
|
–
|
|
50–59, %
|
9.6%
|
8.3%
|
13.1%
|
–
|
|
≥60, %
|
11.0%
|
10.3%
|
13.0%
|
–
|
|
Education (yrs), M ± SD
|
10.6 ± 3.79
|
10.7 ± 3.81
|
10.4 ± 3.70
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Illiteracy or Primary school%
|
19.0%
|
18.6%
|
20.2%
|
–
|
|
Middle school%
|
32.5%
|
32.4%
|
32.8%
|
–
|
|
High school%
|
23.3%
|
22.9%
|
24.8%
|
–
|
|
University%
|
25.2%
|
26.1%
|
22.3%
|
–
|
|
BMIˣ, M ± SD
|
21.2 ± 2.91
|
21.0 ± 2.92
|
21.9 ± 2.76
|
< 0.001
|
|
Personal income (CNY)
|
2228 ± 3388.98
|
2015.5 ± 3227.15
|
2818.0 ± 3738.50
|
< 0.001
|
|
Employed %
|
78.1%
|
73.3%
|
92.4%
|
< 0.001
|
|
Female %
|
46.8%
|
60.9%
|
5.5%
|
< 0.001
|
|
Married %
|
67.9%
|
64.8%
|
77.0%
|
< 0.001
|
|
First marriage%
|
67.3%
|
64.3%
|
76.1%
|
–
|
|
Re-married %
|
0.6%
|
0.5%
|
0.9%
|
–
|
|
Unmarried %
|
32.1%
|
35.2%
|
23.0%
|
< 0.001
|
|
Never married%
|
26.4%
|
29.9%
|
16.1%
|
–
|
|
Divorced %
|
1.9%
|
1.7%
|
2.6%
|
–
|
|
Widowed %
|
3.2%
|
3.1%
|
3.5%
|
–
|
|
Separated %
|
0.5%
|
0.4%
|
0.8%
|
–
|
|
Rural region%
|
31.2%
|
30.6%
|
33.1%
|
< 0.001
|
|
Urban region %
|
68.8%
|
69.4%
|
66.9%
|
< 0.001
|
|
Provincial capital city%
|
22.8%
|
23.5%
|
21.1%
|
–
|
|
Prefecture-level city%
|
16.4%
|
16.5%
|
15.9%
|
–
|
|
County-level city%
|
16.9%
|
16.7%
|
17.6%
|
–
|
|
Small town%
|
12.5%
|
12.6%
|
12.4%
|
–
|
|
Smoking years
|
–
|
–
|
16.7 ± 12.17
|
–
|
|
Smoked cigarettes/day
|
–
|
–
|
18.4 ± 14.84
|
–
|
|
Quit attempts response (yes)%
|
–
|
–
|
28.3%
|
–
|
|
Attempts
|
–
|
–
|
2.9 ± 6.32
|
–
|
| Smoking craving◊ |
–
|
–
|
4.9 ± 2.42
|
–
|
|
Alcohol drinker%
|
20%
|
8.2%
|
54.8%
|
< 0.001
|
|
Drinking years
|
15.5 ± 12.58
|
13.6 ± 12.48
|
16.3 ± 12.53
|
< 0.001
|
|
Alcoholic drinks per week
|
4.4 ± 4.31
|
4.0 ± 4.01
|
4.5 ± 4.43
|
< 0.001
|
- M mean, SD standard deviation, n number; %: the percentage of subjects
- Cigarette smoker was defined as smoked > 100 cigarettes in the life time
- Alcohol drinking was defined as drunk > 30 g alcohol (equal to 900 ml beer) per week
- Difference in percentage or mean differences analyzed between nonsmokers and smokers by the Chi-squared test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann-Whitney U-test) respectively
- * Significant difference between groups of nonsmokers and smokers, p < 0.01
- % The distribution of participants in each group or subgroup
- ˣ Body Mass Index (BMI) was obtained from self-reported height. It was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared
- ◊ Smoking craving was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale for Craving (VASc) using a scale from 0 to 10, where a score of 0 represents null craving and a score of 10 represents the most extreme craving
