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Table 1 Demographic and smoking characteristics in overall participants, nonsmokers, and cigarette smokers

From: Sleep quality in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers: findings from the general population in central China

Variables

Overall

nonsmokers

smokers

p*

(n = 26,282)

(n = 19,632)

(n = 6650)

Age (yrs), M ± SD

38.1 ± 16.06

36.6 ± 16.26

42.2 ± 14.57

< 0.001*

Range (yrs)

12–99

12–99

12–93

 

 12–17, %

10.2%

13.2%

1.7%

–

 18–29, %

23.3%

24.5%

19.2%

–

 30–39, %

17.2%

17.3%

17.0%

–

 40–49, %

28.8%

26.3%

36.0%

–

 50–59, %

9.6%

8.3%

13.1%

–

 ≥60, %

11.0%

10.3%

13.0%

–

Education (yrs), M ± SD

10.6 ± 3.79

10.7 ± 3.81

10.4 ± 3.70

< 0.001*

 Illiteracy or Primary school%

19.0%

18.6%

20.2%

–

 Middle school%

32.5%

32.4%

32.8%

–

 High school%

23.3%

22.9%

24.8%

–

 University%

25.2%

26.1%

22.3%

–

BMIˣ, M ± SD

21.2 ± 2.91

21.0 ± 2.92

21.9 ± 2.76

< 0.001

Personal income (CNY)

2228 ± 3388.98

2015.5 ± 3227.15

2818.0 ± 3738.50

< 0.001

Employed %

78.1%

73.3%

92.4%

< 0.001

Female %

46.8%

60.9%

5.5%

< 0.001

Married %

67.9%

64.8%

77.0%

< 0.001

 First marriage%

67.3%

64.3%

76.1%

–

 Re-married %

0.6%

0.5%

0.9%

–

Unmarried %

32.1%

35.2%

23.0%

< 0.001

 Never married%

26.4%

29.9%

16.1%

–

 Divorced %

1.9%

1.7%

2.6%

–

 Widowed %

3.2%

3.1%

3.5%

–

 Separated %

0.5%

0.4%

0.8%

–

Rural region%

31.2%

30.6%

33.1%

< 0.001

Urban region %

68.8%

69.4%

66.9%

< 0.001

 Provincial capital city%

22.8%

23.5%

21.1%

–

 Prefecture-level city%

16.4%

16.5%

15.9%

–

 County-level city%

16.9%

16.7%

17.6%

–

 Small town%

12.5%

12.6%

12.4%

–

Smoking years

–

–

16.7 ± 12.17

–

Smoked cigarettes/day

–

–

18.4 ± 14.84

–

Quit attempts response (yes)%

–

–

28.3%

–

Attempts

–

–

2.9 ± 6.32

–

Smoking cravingâ—Š

–

–

4.9 ± 2.42

–

Alcohol drinker%

20%

8.2%

54.8%

< 0.001

Drinking years

15.5 ± 12.58

13.6 ± 12.48

16.3 ± 12.53

< 0.001

Alcoholic drinks per week

4.4 ± 4.31

4.0 ± 4.01

4.5 ± 4.43

< 0.001

  1. M mean, SD standard deviation, n number; %: the percentage of subjects
  2. Cigarette smoker was defined as smoked > 100 cigarettes in the life time
  3. Alcohol drinking was defined as drunk > 30 g alcohol (equal to 900 ml beer) per week
  4. Difference in percentage or mean differences analyzed between nonsmokers and smokers by the Chi-squared test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann-Whitney U-test) respectively
  5. * Significant difference between groups of nonsmokers and smokers, p < 0.01
  6. % The distribution of participants in each group or subgroup
  7. ˣ Body Mass Index (BMI) was obtained from self-reported height. It was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared
  8. â—Š Smoking craving was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale for Craving (VASc) using a scale from 0 to 10, where a score of 0 represents null craving and a score of 10 represents the most extreme craving