Table 3 Coefficients from two-level linear regression models for height among children aged 5–18 years, 2011
From: The association between urbanization and child height: a multilevel study in China
effects | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | P | Coefficient | SE | P | Coefficient | SE | P | Coefficient | SE | P | |
Fixed effects | ||||||||||||
Intercept | −0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | − 0.59 | 0.10 | < 0.01 | −9.76 | 0.86 | < 0.01 | −9.69 | 0.89 | < 0.01 |
Individual variables- Level-1 | ||||||||||||
Age (year) | −0.05 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | − 0.05 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Gender (ref. = female) | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.03 | ||||||
Ethnicity (ref. = Han) | ||||||||||||
Miao | −0.10 | 0.22 | 0.67 | −0.13 | 0.22 | 0.55 | ||||||
Buyi | −0.34 | 0.23 | 0.17 | −0.20 | 0.23 | 0.40 | ||||||
Tujia | −0.37 | 0.28 | 0.20 | −0.37 | 0.27 | 0.20 | ||||||
Maternal height | 0.06 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Maternal Education level (ref. = low school) | ||||||||||||
middle school | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.53 | ||||||
high school | 0.39 | 0.12 | < 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.15 | ||||||
Family income per capita (ref. = 1st Q) | ||||||||||||
2nd Quintile | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.07 | ||||||
3rd Quintile | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.01 | ||||||
4th Quintile | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.03 | ||||||
5th Quintile | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.02 | ||||||
Energy intake from protein (%) | 3.01 | 0.96 | < 0.01 | 2.40 | 0.97 | 0.01 | ||||||
Community variables- Level-2 | ||||||||||||
Urbanization Index (ref. = 1st Q) | ||||||||||||
2nd Quintile | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.28 | ||||||
3rd Quintile | 0.62 | 0.14 | < 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.04 | ||||||
4th Quintile | 0.75 | 0.14 | < 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.06 | ||||||
5th Quintile | 0.82 | 0.14 | < 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.14 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Urbanization components | ||||||||||||
Communication | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.69 | |||||||||
Population Density | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.10 | |||||||||
Diversity | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.62 | |||||||||
Economic Activity | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.56 | |||||||||
Health Infrastructure | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.87 | |||||||||
Housing | −0.05 | 0.04 | 0.22 | |||||||||
Traditional Markets | − 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 | |||||||||
Social Services | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.15 | |||||||||
Transportation | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.77 | |||||||||
Education | 0.13 | 0.03 | < 0.01 | |||||||||
Modern Markets | −0.03 | 0.02 | 0.17 | |||||||||
Sanitation | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.29 | |||||||||
Random effects | ||||||||||||
Intercept | 0.40 | 0.05 | < 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.04 | < 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.03 | < 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.03 | < 0.01 |
Residual | 1.11 | 0.04 | < 0.01 | 1.12 | 0.04 | < 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.04 | < 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.04 | < 0.01 |
-2LL | 5009.10 | 4963.70 | 3653.30 | 3625.50 | ||||||||
ICC | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.09 | ||||||||