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Table 1 Weekly content options provided to peer researchers

From: Using Facebook to reduce smoking among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: a participatory grounded action study

Week

Option A

Option B

Option C

1.

Video: Catmageddon (Truth Initiative, USA) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLtschJxRy8

Video: 1200 die (American Legacy Foundation) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XmyGQJ2WWE

Image: Life meter

Description: shows a cigarette with numbers to represent lifespan, with the ash burning towards the number 60. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

2.

Video: Quit for you, quit for two (Australian Government campaign, pregnancy focus)

http://www.quitnow.gov.au/internet/quitnow/publishing.nsf/Content/quit-you-quit-two

Video: Skinnyfish Yaka Ngarali (created by local record label and Aboriginal community controlled health service) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yPwNVaOPMY&list=PLhVW2l7sc6giYqfvL9qN6l0Q89kx0vAzd&index=1

Image: Smoking burns money

Cartoon-like image showing a hand holding a lit cigarette, with the ash replaced by coins. URL not provided as original source of image not able to be determined.

3.

Video: Break the Chain (Australian Government campaign, Indigenous focus)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yvjBU-E0aw

Video: 5 things the tobacco industry doesn’t want you to know (produced by Public Health Ottawa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB1biuoDkEQ

Image: smokers teeth

Description: photo of young attractive women holding a cigarette and smiling, showing extremely strained teeth. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

4.

Video: don’t make smokes your story

(Australian Government campaign, Indigenous focus)

https://www.facebook.com/healthgovau/videos/1089321171111579/?v=1089321171111579

Video: Allen Carr top tips on quitting

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TL2Vh7goJc

Image: Smoking good for environment

Close up photo of lower half of face with cigarette and caption “Smoking is good for the environment because it kills humans”. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

5.

Video: Bryan Curtis story

(YouTube user generated content)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVLtNgAhPRg

Video: Quit smoking timeline

Video of how the body recovers from smoking. Produced by online quit smoking community www.quitsmoking.com.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLbQfMmrISE

Image: Dream boy

Poster with a photo of a young Indigenous boy dressed for boxing, and the caption “Fill my head with dreams, not my lungs with smoke”. Current poster URL not available. Website listed on poster: www.giveupsmokesforgood.org.au

6.

Video: Thai smoking kids

Advertisement produced by Ogilvy Asia for the Thai Health Promotion Foundation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHH2LsAHeHc&feature=youtu.be

Video: Social farting/smoking

Available from Middlesex London Health Unit YouTube channel.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rIj2DWQRdw

Image: smokers’ funeral

Photo of two people smoking in a room, with the ceiling painted to look like they are looking up from a grave with people attending their funeral looking on. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

7.

Video: Everybody knows

Video created by Cancer Institute NSW, which shows clips from a range of well-known Australian anti-smoking campaigns, set to Leonard Cohen song “Everybody knows”. Link not provided, as original URL not able to be determined.

Video: Cigarettes & child labour

Information video produced by AJplus news media.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6pVsA6hdYs

Image: cup of butts

Photo showing a teacup full of cigarette butts and a teaspoon with a butt above it. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

8.

Video: Culture or killer

Produced for Lakes Entrance Aboriginal Health Association in Victoria, Australia.

https://vimeo.com/127003575

Video: smoking and drinking.

Video showing animation of the impacts of smoking and drinking on the body. (Appears to be YouTube user-generated content)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXwpTrI74BQ

Image: Quit gains

Poster with the question “What have you gained from quitting?” in the centre, surrounded by line drawings to suggest improved health and money saved. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

9.

Video: exercise & quitting

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dHzc4xqHks

Video: smoking damage.

Motion graphic video on health impacts of smoking. Australian government, Indigenous focus.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfIBckA0hAc

Image: smoking increases stress

Monotone mage of a cigarette pack shaped like a coffin, with the words “Smoking reduces stress. False” in red. Further down “Although smoking temporarily relieves the stress of withdrawal symptoms, scientists have found that nicotine actually increases your level of stress hormones” is printed in black. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

10.

Image: Quit steps

Australian poster with 7 steps, accompanied by graphics, to help with quitting smoking: set a date, banish ashtrays, call the Quitline (with Quitline number prominently included, exercise, snack on healthy foods, drink water and have drinks with less alcohol. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Image: start repairing

Australian government poster with a photo of a person, pointing to different parts of the body, and examples of both short and longer-term (5 days up to 1 year) benefits of stopping smoking.

Video: Real cost – your skin

US Government Food & Drug Administration campaign advertisement.

Can be viewed at https://www.ispot.tv/ad/7BnU/the-real-cost-your-skin

11.

Image: pet smoking

Form the USA Truth campaign, image of the words “Fact: dogs and cats are twice as likely to get cancer if their owner smokes”.

Video: Donna, Alice Springs

Don’t make smokes your story. Australian Government campaign, Indigenous focus, with real local people.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOy1vO-HlnA

Image: Trigger

Poster with the heading “if you smoke…”

With four boxes containing animated graphics and the words: “In the morning, try a new morning routine”, “after meals, have a mint or a cup of tea instead”, in your car, clean it out to get rid of the smell and keep healthy snacks with you” and “when you’re stressed, get enough sleep, stay active and talk about what is bothering you”. Produced by the Massachusetts Tobacco Cessation and Prevention Program, USA. URL of poster not provided as original source not able to be determined. Department website: https://www.mass.gov/massachusetts-tobacco-cessation-and-prevention-program-mtcp

12.

Image: appearance change.

Shows photo of a woman with one side as a non-smoker aged 35 and the other side as a smoker of the same age, highlighting the differences and appearance impacts of smoking. Queensland Health, Australia campaign. Image can be viewed at https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/smoking-makes-you-ugly-queensland-health-to-tell-young-women/news-story/d80e3e017b01d636d692ed884113ef41

Image: Quit tip

Image from Australian Government campaign Don’t Make Smokes Your Story, with the words “#QuitTip Ask friends who smoke to promise not to offer you any cigarettes”. Current poster URL not available. Campaign website: https://web.archive.org/web/20190304210745, https://campaigns.health.gov.au/smokes

Image: smoking sarcasm

Cartoon like image of a lit cigarette with arms ‘eating’ a person through the lit end of the cigarette. Accompanied by a caption “Share if you are against smoking”. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

13.

Image: Quit tip morning

Image from Australian Government campaign Don’t Make Smokes Your Story, with the words “#QuitTip Take it 1 day at a time. Every morning say, “I’m not going to smoke today””. Current poster URL not available. Campaign website: https://campaigns.health.gov.au/smokes

Image: timebomb

Photo of a bundle of cigarettes tide to a clock to resemble a time bomb, with a hand with a lighter about to light the fuse. Accompanied by the caption “Every breath you take will eventually destroy your future”. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Image: Butts are litter

Image of a cigarette being stubbed out with the words “Cigarettes butts are LITTER too…” URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

14.

Image: fish butts

Image of internal cross-section of a fish with butts in the stomach cavity, accompanied by a piece of paper which resembles a shopping docket with information about how cigarette butts contaminate water. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Image: Four D’s

Image of a poster with the heading “Practice the Four D’s to help you get through a craving. Each D is listed (Delay, Drink water, Deep breathing, Distract) with explanatory text and a graphic. Produced by the Massachusetts Tobacco Cessation and Prevention Program, USA. URL of poster not provided as original source not able to be determined. Department website: https://www.mass.gov/massachusetts-tobacco-cessation-and-prevention-program-mtcp

Video: Sugar sugar

Produced for Make Smoking History campaign by Cancer Council WA, Western Australia. Campaign website: https://makesmokinghistory.org.au/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fXdLCTND1A

15.

Image: Quit fact

Image from Australian Government campaign Don’t Make Smokes Your Story, with the words “#QuitFact within a day of quitting, almost all the nicotine is out of your bloodstream”. Current poster URL not available. Campaign website: https://web.archive.org/web/20190304210745, https://campaigns.health.gov.au/smokes

Video: Make smoking history (please help me quit)

Produced for the Cancer Council WA Make Smoking History campaign, Western Australia. Campaign website: https://makesmokinghistory.org.au/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80gkwcx314w

Video: lost child

Video produced for Cancer Council Victoria, Australia. Information about the ad can be viewed here: https://www.cancervic.org.au/about/media-releases/2008-media-releases/media-rel-october08/quit-launches-separation-08.html

Link to video: https://www.bestadsontv.com/ad/17507/Quit-Victoria-Separation

16.

Image: No more killing

Image of two burning cigarettes placed upright to resemble the twin towers on fire after the 9/11 attacks. Accompanied with the words “NO MORE Killing” and in small type “It is estimated that one person dies every 8 s from smoking. Stop smoking now!” URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Image: Happy ending

Poster with a photo of a young Indigenous girl in a T-shirt printed with an Aboriginal flag, with the caption “Stories about smokers never end with happily ever after”. Current poster URL not available. Poster includes the URL https://www.instagram.com/p/Bso_iAvlvc4/

Video: Every cigarette rots you from the inside out

NHS England Smoke Free campaign https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ctaMwtHwUo

17.

Image: smoking gun

Black and white photo of a hand holding a cigarette against a blank wall, with the shadow resembling a pointed gun. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Video: I will survive

Video produced for HSE Ireland. Campaign website: www.quit.ie.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSETW_zO9jc&feature=youtu.be&list=PLsQK32cdMW_w6X1OiaNXOjwbD2XKbcS1r

Video: Don’t make smokes your story.

Australian Government campaign, Indigenous focus, with real local people.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=em_0c_Yzxyk

18.

Image: poor swimmers

Photo of used matches resembling sperm swimming in an ashtray towards ash (representing an ovum). Produced for ASH UK, image can be viewed at https://www.flickr.com/photos/ashuk/4459586151.

Video: Message from the lungs

Video produced for the Thai Health Promotion Foundation.

https://vimeo.com/126220314

Image: cancer cures smoking

Image of the words “Cancer cures smoking”. No other graphics or pictures are included. Taken from https://www.thefreshquotes.com/50-smoking-and-tobacco-quotes-and-slogans/cancer-cures-smoking/.

19.

Image: baby bottle

Photo of a baby’s bottle half-filled with cigarette butts and smoking coming out of the top, accompanied with the words “How many cigarettes a day does your child smoke?” at the top, and “Prevent passive smoking” in smaller letters at the bottom. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Video: Plain packaging

Video produced for World Health Organization for World No Tobacco Day 2016, which had the theme “Get ready for plain packaging.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXUCTSp2_58

Image: pregnant

Poster with a photo of a pregnant belly with a lit cigarette held next to it and smoke appearing to come out of the belly button. URL to poster not available, organisation website: www.kindergesundheit.de.

20.

Image: squirrels

Photo of a squirrel with the wording “Cigarettes are like squirrels: they’re perfectly harmless until you put one in your mouth and light it on fire.” URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Video: Quit smoking (Arrente)

Animated video of a brain explaining the impact of smoking in Arrente, a central Australian Aboriginal language. Available at:

http://nosmokes.com.au/teachers-and-health-workers/language-translations/central-arrernte/

Image: child labour pack

Photo of a an open pack of cigarettes with children inside the pack instead of cigarettes, and in place of the health warning label, the words “Made with child labor”. Image can be viewed at https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/05/14/us-child-workers-danger-tobacco-farms

21.

Video: Tips from former smokers (gum disease)

Video produced from the “Tips from Former Smokers” campaign by the USA Centers for Disease Control.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y70V5HGhpHs

Image: Weight loss

Image of the words “Smoking reduces weight” in large print with “(one lung at a time)” in smaller print below. The image has the logo and name of Cancer Patients Aid Association. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Image: impotent

Photo of a partially burned cigarette half ash, with the word “Warning” in red, followed by “Tobacco use can make you impotent” in large letters, and in smaller letters “Cigarettes may cause sexual impotence tdue to decreased blood flow to the penis. This can prevent you from having an erection”. The image was used by Health Canada as a cigarette warning label, 2010–2011. The image can be viewed at https://www.who.int/tobacco/healthwarningsdatabase/tobacco_large_canada_impotence_01_en/en/

22.

Image: Piggy bank

Photo of a child’s piggy bank with cigarette butts stuffed into the slot where money is usually placed. Ash and an additional cigarette butt are around the piggy bank. The words “Daddy couldn’t give me pocket money” are below the image in handwritten, coloured crayon style. The image has the logo of the British Heart Foundation in the bottom right hand corner, current poster URL not able to be located.

Image: dirty lungs

Photo of two sets of preserved lungs – one white, one partially blackened due to tar. Not caption or accompanying text. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Video: stop smoking, start repairing

Australian Government video to promote the My QuitBuddy app.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7iGNrdST6E&feature=youtu.be

23.

Image: smoke mouth

Stylised mage of a woman’s open mouth with glossy bright lipstick. The mouth is full of cigarette butts, and there is a cigarette hanging from the mouth with the ash end in the mouth. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Image: smoking kids

Portrait style photograph of a young red-haired girl in a blue dress lighting a cigarette from another one. Image available at http://frieke.com/smoking-kids/.

Image: pet 2nd hand smoke

Photo of a dog and cat with a sign hanging around their necks with the words “dogs/cats against smoke” and a non-smoking symbol. At the top are the words “Secondhand smoke hurts them too. Keep your whole family safe…keep your car and home smoke-free.” URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

24.

Video: Make smoking history (Darleen’s story)

Produced for the Cancer Council WA Make Smoking History campaign, Western Australia. Campaign website: https://makesmokinghistory.org.au/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8yvgQFWObA

Image: savings

Image from Australian Government campaign Don’t Make Smokes Your Story, with the words “By quitting smoking, a daily smoker could save $8500 a year”. Current poster URL not available. Campaign website: https://web.archive.org/web/20190304210745, https://campaigns.health.gov.au/smokes

Image: not our culture

Image of words “Not Our Culture” next to images associated with Aboriginal culture and a cigarette crossed out. Image can be viewed at https://nacchocommunique.com/tag/ahl/

25.

Image: blindness

Photo of a public rubbish bin with top designed to resemble an eye and a cigarette being stubbed out on the iris. Around the bottom of the eye white are the words “Smoking causes blindness” with a Quit logo. URL not provided as original source not able to be determined.

Image: baby lungs

Poster with a photo of a baby in a light coloured jumpsuit, with blackened out lungs on the jumpsuit. At the bottom are the words “You smoke, your child smokes! Take your smoke outside. By the time he is 6 years old your child will have inhaled the equivalent of 102 packs of cigarettes”. Produced for Tobacco Free Futures (http://www.tobaccofreefutures.org/), current URL for poster not located.

Video: Tobacco, a threat to development

Video produced for World Health Organization for World No Tobacco Day 2016, which had the theme “Tobacco: a threat to development.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9xqy6g8SIw

26.

Video: Miwatj – cost of smoking

Video created by Aboriginal community controlled health service for World No Tobacco Day 2017.

https://vimeo.com/220741839

Video: Apunipima – Selena’s story

Video produced by a local Aboriginal community controlled health service

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMPcoA6cz_Q

Image: diabetes

Poster with graphic of cigarette on brown background on left side, and finger prick blood test on red background on right side. In the middle, inside a circle made up of 2 arrows are the words “Smokers have a 30 to 40% higher risk of diabetes than nonsmokers”. The poster has a US Centers for Disease Control and one other logo, and has appeared in campaigns and on social media for several US health groups. (Eg see https://twitter.com/tobaccofreekids/status/978745983923142657 and http://www.coprevent.org/2014/11/national-diabetes-month-smoking-and.html). URL not provided as original link not able to be determined.