| Data | Source and details |
---|---|---|
Effectiveness of annual health checks in terms of: identification; uptake of national screening; management of conditions (in probabilities, annual health check vs. standard care group) | ||
 Hypertension identified and managed | 85 to 95·3% vs. 71·4 to 87·8% | Buszewicz and colleagues [23] |
 Participation in bowel cancer screening (FOBT), difference between AHC and standard care, in percentage points | 4·1 to 7·8% | Hewitson and colleagues [52] and expert views |
 Participation in breast cancer screening (mammogram) | 54·3 to 59·3% vs. 47 to 52% | Derived from IDS-TILDA by McCarron and colleagues [17], Gardner and colleagues [53] and expert views |
 Diabetes managed (identification found similar in both groups) | 69·9% (SD 34·2) vs. 56.8% (SD 29·4) | Cooper and colleagues [16]; refers to proportion of people whose health monitoring needs are met |
 Osteoporosis investigated | 85 to 95% vs. 66·2 to 86·8% | Derived from Lennox and colleagues [49] and expert views |
 Person with eye problem (cataract or glaucoma) is referred to eye exam | 90% vs. 58.9% (SD 0·24) | Derived from Buszewicz and colleagues [23] and expert views |
 Person with hearing problems is referred to hearing assessment | 90% vs. 27·6 to 33% | As above |
Effectiveness of: identification; uptake of national screening; management of conditions | ||
Relative Risk (RR) in stroke, CHD and death, managed versus unmanaged hypertension | ||
Stroke | ||
 40 to 59 years | 0·61 to 0·65 | Moran and colleagues [52] |
 60 years + | 0·66 to 0·71 | As above |
CHD | ||
 40 to 59 years | 0·72 to 0·74 | As above |
 60 years + | 0·74 to 0·78 | As above |
Death | ||
 40 to 59 years+ | 0·83 to 0·89 | As above |
 60 years + | 0·91 to 0·92 | As above |
 Increased risk of stroke in people with hypertension | 3 to 5 | Straus and colleagues [55] |
 Increased risk of CHD in people with hypertension | 2 to 3 | Padwal and colleagues [54] |
 Absolute risk reductions (in percentage points) in death for people participating in bowel screening | 1·01% | Scholefield and colleagues [57] |
 Progression probabilities for glaucoma, treatment vs. not in treatment | ||
 Progression from mild to moderate | 22% vs. 25% | Burr and colleagues [44] |
 Progression from moderate to severe | 7% vs. 11% | As above |
 Progression from severe to visual impairment | 6% vs. 10% | As above |
 Relative risk reduction of death from breast cancer for women invited for mammography | 0·73 to 0·89 | Pharoah and colleagues [31] |
Probabilities for further investigations and treatment (after screening or diagnosis) | ||
Hypertension | ||
 Adherence to management | 75% (in one-way SA: 50%) | Moran and colleagues [54] |
Bowel cancer | ||
 Screening positive and requiring further investigation | 1·84 to 2·1% | Raine and colleagues [58] |
 Visit at specialist clinic for further investigation if screening was positive | 74·7 to 91·3% | Logan and colleagues [59] |
 Bowel cancer if screening was positive | 9·09 to 11·11% | As above |
 Pre-cancer polyps if screening was positive | 24·48 to 29·92% | As above |
 Admission for bleeding due to further investigation | 0·39 to 0·48% | Tappenden and colleagues [37] |
Osteoporosis | ||
 Prescription of drugs to person identified with osteoporosis | 99·6% | Presentation by Shepstone at National Osteoporosis Conference 2016; [58] refers to findings from SCOOP study |
Cataract | ||
 Corrected with glasses if referred to eye exam | 50 to 67% | Lennox and colleagues [51] |
 Surgery if referred to eye exam | 5 to 9% | Expert view |
Glaucoma | ||
 Adherence to treatment | 63·9 to 78·1% | Okeke and colleagues [61]; mean of 71%, value range +/− 10% |
Hearing problems | ||
 Hearing problem due to blocked ear wax (i.e. no referral required) | 15·7 to 50% | |
 Hearing problem not due to blocked ear wax and referral made to specialist | 50 to 84·7% | Derived as residual from above |
 Person referred to specialist assessment attends it | 80 to 90% | Expert view |
 Person assessed by specialist as requiring hearing aid | 42·2 to 51·6% | Lennox and colleagues [50] |
 Person requiring hearing aid accepts and starts using it | 36·8 to 86% | Morris and colleauges [59] |
Breast cancer | ||
 Breast cancer identified through mammogram | 73·3 to 93·8% | Sinclair and colleagues [63] |
 Relative risk of over-diagnosis for women invited to mammography | 1·19 | As above |