Table 3 Parameter values (deterministic, in ranges) for modelling: Cost inputs
| Â | Data | Source and details |
Cost inputs for annual health checks | ||
 General practice doctor | £72 | PSSRU [36]; refers to 20 min of general practice doctor time with unit cost per hour of face-to-face time of £216 (includes all administrative, preparation and follow-up costs, cost of home visits) |
 General practice nurse | £43 | PSSRU [36]; refers to 1 h of general practice nurse time with unit cost per hour of £43 |
 Support worker | £136 | Expert view; refers to 8 h of support worker time with unit cost per hour of face-to-face time of £17 |
 Social worker | £7 | PSSRU [36]; refers to 5 min of social worker time with unit cost per hour of client-related time of £79 |
Cost inputs for modelling hypertension | ||
 Diagnosis | £29 to £89 | Lovibond and colleagues [37] |
 Hypertension management | £34 to £102 | As above |
 Treating stroke (initially) | £5633 to £16,901 | As above |
 Subsequent treatment of stroke | £619 to £1856 | As above |
 Treating coronary heart disease (initially) | £1854 to £5561 | As above; includes costs of heart failure (£2929), angina (£3273), heart attack = myocardial infarction, MI (£5455); weighted by their prevalence proportions from IDS-TILA by McCarron and colleagues [17] in relation to all coronary heart disease conditions: heart failure (51%), angina (21%), MI (28%) |
 Subsequent treatment of coronary heart disease | £143 to £428 | As above; includes costs of heart failure (£311), angina (£187), heart attack = myocardial infarction, MI (£312); weighted by their prevalence proportions from IDS-TILA by McCarron and colleagues [17] in relation to all coronary heart disease conditions: heart failure (51%), angina (21%), MI (28%) |
Cost inputs for modelling diabetes | ||
 ∆ Controlled vs. uncontrolled glucose, non-overweight patients | -£618 to £2877 | Clarke and colleagues [38]; refers to present of total lifetimes costs; for non-overweight patients treated with insulin |
 ∆ Controlled vs. uncontrolled glucose, overweight patients | -£5486 to £2875 | As above; refers to present of total lifetimes costs; for overweight patients treated with metformin |
Cost inputs for modelling bowel cancer (screening) | ||
 FOBT tests | £16 to £19 | Tappenden and colleagues [39]; refers to 2 FOBT tests (in case first is not returned) |
 Colonoscopy | £469 to £573 | National Schedule for Reference Costs 2015–16; refers to diagnostic colonoscopy [40] |
 Removing adenoma | £122 to £149 | As above |
 Admittance for bleeding | £712 to £870 | As above |
 Bowel cancer treatment detected through screening | £5971 to £7298 | Cancer Research UK [30] |
 Bowel cancer treatment clinically detected | £7782 to £9511 | As above |
Cost inputs for modelling breast cancer (screening) | ||
 Mammogram per woman invited for screening | £14 to £36 | Pharoa and colleagues [31] |
Treating over-diagnosis | £2047 to £2501 | As above |
 ∆ Treatment, early vs. late stage cancer, under 65 years (lifetime) | -£11,739 to -£14,347 | Laudicella and colleagues [41] |
 ∆ Treatment, early vs. late stage cancer, over 65 years (lifetime) | -£6404 to -£7827 | As above |
Cost inputs for modelling osteoporosis | ||
 DAX scan and General Practitioner (GP) consultation | £113 to £137 | |
 Anti-osteoporotic medication (per year) | £54 to £334 | NICE [41, 43]; refers to the most commonly prescribed drugs: alendronate, etidronate risedrinate, raloxifene and strontium ranelate; and recommended doses |
 Treating hip replacement (HIP) fracture, 1st year | £14,481 to £14,800 | Leal and colleagues [44] |
 Treating HIP fracture, 2nd year | £2160 to £2272 | As above |
Cost inputs for modelling cataract | ||
 Initial optometrist test | £21 | DH [45] |
 Optometrist diagnosis test | £92 to £472 | Burr and colleagues [46] |
 Cataract surgery (lifetime) | £1218 to £9211 | Frampton and colleagues [47] |
Cost inputs for modelling glaucoma | ||
 Initial optometrist test | £21 | DH [45] |
 Optometrist diagnosis test | £92 to £472 | Burr and colleagues [46] |
 Treating mild glaucoma (per year) | £259 to £777 | As above |
 Treating moderate glaucoma (per year) | £325 to £875 | As above |
 Treating severe glaucoma (per year) | £232 to £695 | As above |
 Treating visual impairment (per year) | £721 to £927 | As above |
Cost inputs for modelling hearing problems | ||
 Ear wax removal | £36 to £44 | Clegg and colleagues [48]; refers to primary care |
 Hearing specialist assessment | £46 to £68 | NHS National Tariff 2017 to 2019 [49] |
 Hearing aid assessment | £48 to £58 | As above |
 Hearing aid, initial | £268 to £370 | As above |
 Hearing aid, follow on care | £23 to £28 | As above |