Table 5 Observed handwashing behaviors at toileting events by age group of the students (n = 844 toilet use events in 30 schools)
Pre-intervention | Post-Intervention Visits | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Post-intervention overall | Visit 1 (0–5 weeks since intervention) | Visit 2 (6–19 weeks since intervention) | Visit 3 (20–25 weeks since intervention) | ||
Observed handwashing behavior, all events | (n = 461 events in 30 schools) | (n = 383 events in 30 schools) | (n = 198 events in n = 30 schools) | (n = 105 events in n = 20 schools) | (n = 80 events in n = 10 schools) |
No handwashing | 354 (76.7%) | 68 (17.8%) | 51 (25.8%) | 17 (16.2%) | 0 (0%) |
Handwashing with water only | 53 (11.4%) | 138 (36.0%) | 60 (30.3%) | 46 (43.8%) | 32 (40%) |
Handwashing with water and soap | 0 (0.0%) | 98 (25.6%) | 55 (27.8%) | 23 (21.9%) | 20 (25%) |
Could not observe | 54 (11.7%) | 79 (20.6%) | 32 (16.2%) | 19 (18.1%) | 28 (35%) |
PR for observed handwashing (vs. no handwashing), all events | |||||
Observed handwashinga | Ref. | 5.96 (3.02, 11.76) | 5.32 (2.61, 10.83) | 6.16 (2.96, 12.82) | N/A** |
Observed handwashing behavior, age ≤ 10 years old (n = 442 events) | (n = 217 events) | (n = 225 events) | (n = 109 events) | (n = 64 events) | (n = 52 events) |
No handwashing | 181 (83.4%) | 29 (12.9%) | 19 (17.4%) | 10 (15.6%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Handwashing with water only | 10 (4.6%) | 86 (38.2%) | 33 (30.3%) | 29 (45.3%) | 24 (46.2%) |
Handwashing with water and soap | 0 (0.0%) | 61 (27.1%) | 36 (33.0%) | 12 (18.8%) | 13 (25.0%) |
Could not observe | 26 (12.0%) | 49 (21.8%) | 21 (19.3%) | 13 (20.3%) | 15 (28.8%) |
PR for observed handwashing (vs. no handwashing), age ≤ 10 years old | |||||
Observed handwashinga | Ref. | 15.95 (5.57, 45.65) | 14.98 (5.11, 43.90) | 15.35 (5.20, 45.30) | N/Ab |
Observed handwashing behavior, age > 10 years old (n = 402 events) | (n = 244 events) | (n = 158 events) | (n = 89 events) | (n = 41 events) | (n = 28 events) |
No handwashing | 173 (70.9%) | 39 (24.7%) | 32 (36.0%) | 7 (17.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Handwashing with water only | 43 (17.6%) | 52 (32.9%) | 27 (30.3%) | 17 (41.5%) | 8 (28.6%) |
Handwashing with water and soap | 0 (0.0%) | 37 (23.4%) | 19 (21.3%) | 11 (26.8%) | 7 (25.0%) |
Could not observe | 28 (11.5%) | 30 (19.0%) | 11 (12.4%) | 6 (14.6%) | 13 (46.4%) |
PR for observed handwashing (vs. no handwashing), age > 10 years old | |||||
Observed handwashinga | Ref. | 3.49 (1.2, 6.34) | 2.96 (1.57, 5.59) | 4.02 (2.03, 7.94) | N/Ab |