| Adjusted OR (95% CI) (N = 204,283) |
---|---|
Age | Â |
 18–25 (ref.) | 1.00 |
 26–34 | 1.22 (1.17–1.28) |
 35–49 | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) |
 50+ | 0.65 (0.62–0.69) |
Sex | Â |
 Male | 1.60 (1.53–1.66) |
 Female (ref.) | 1.00 |
Race/ethnicity | Â |
 Non-Hispanic White | 1.46 (1.35–1.58) |
 Non-Hispanic Black (ref.) | 1.00 |
 Hispanic | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) |
 Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0.72 (0.62–0.83) |
 Other | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) |
Annual household income | Â |
 ≤$49,999 (ref.) | 1.00 |
 $50,000–$74,999 | 1.55 (1.46–1.64) |
 ≥$75,000 | 1.80 (1.72–1.88) |
Population density | Â |
 Large metro | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) |
 Small metro | 1.10 (1.04–1.17) |
 Non metro (ref.) | 1.00 |
Alcohol abuse/dependence (past-year) | Â |
 None (ref.) | 1.00 |
 Abuse | 9.44 (8.79–10.14) |
 Dependence | 5.99 (5.54–6.47) |
 Year | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) |
Substance use type | Â |
 Alcohol only (ref.) | 1.00 |
 Prescription opioids only a | 1.65 (1.47–1.86) |
 Marijuana only a | 2.18 (2.04–2.32) |
 Other single drug a | 2.12 (1.88–2.39) |
 Prescription opioids-marijuana a | 2.71 (2.43–3.02) |
 Multiple prescription drugs a | 2.83 (2.35–3.41) |
 Other multiple drugs a | 3.68 (3.40–3.97) |