Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antiepileptic medication: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 766 244 schoolchildren

Fleming, Michael; Fitton, Catherine A.; Steiner, Markus F. C.; McLay, James S.; Clark, David; King, Albert; Mackay, Daniel F.; Pell, Jill P.

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6888-9

Table 1 Characteristics of Schoolchildren by Presence or Absence of Treated Epilepsy

From: Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antiepileptic medication: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 766 244 schoolchildren

	No epilepsy		Epilepsy		P value
	N = 760,930		N = 5314
	N	%	N	%
Sociodemographic factors
Sex
Male	387,672	50.9	2618	49.3	0.015
Female	373,258	49.1	2696	50.7
Missing	0		0
Deprivation quintile
1 (most deprived)	172,422	22.7	1372	25.8	< 0.001
2	152,434	20.0	1135	21.4
3	146,897	19.3	1027	19.3
4	148,538	19.5	985	18.5
5 (least deprived)	140,049	18.4	791	14.9
Missing	590		4
Ethnic group
White	723,055	96.2	5061	96.2	< 0.001
Asian	17,641	2.3	136	2.6
Black	1956	0.3	9	0.2
Mixed	6684	0.9	44	0.8
Other	2066	0.3	10	0.2
Missing	9528		54
Medication for comorbid conditions
Diabetes	3278	0.4	52	1.0	< 0.001
Asthma	45,397	6.0	503	9.5	< 0.001
ADHD	7236	1.0	177	3.3	< 0.001
Depression	4888	0.6	454	8.5	< 0.001
Maternity factors
Maternal age (years)
≤24	208,289	27.4	1589	29.9	< 0.001
25–29	222,902	29.3	1638	30.8
30–34	215,540	28.3	1395	26.3
≥35	114,187	15.0	692	13.0
Missing	12		0
Maternal smoking
No	487,860	72.4	3254	69.9	< 0.001
Yes	186,387	27.6	1402	30.1
Missing	86,683			658
Parity
0	343,228	45.3	2437	46.0	0.400
1	262,333	34.7	1809	34.2
> 1	151,521	20.0	1049	19.8
Missing	3848		19
Mode of delivery
SVD	512,788	67.4	3431	64.6	< 0.001
Assisted vaginal	91,039	12.0	618	11.6
Breech vaginal	2211	0.3	22	0.4
Elective CS	57,907	7.6	407	7.7
Emergency CS	96,822	12.7	834	15.7
Other	161	0.0	2	0.0
Missing	2		0
Gestation (weeks)
< 24	27	0.0	2	0.0	< 0.001
24–27	1087	0.1	38	0.7
28–32	6935	0.9	123	2.3
33–36	35,255	4.6	347	6.5
37	37,279	4.9	340	6.4
38	95,243	12.5	749	14.1
39	157,648	20.7	1092	20.6
40	228,958	30.1	1472	27.7
41	170,243	22.4	950	17.9
42	26,934	3.5	190	3.6
43	624	0.1	6	0.1
> 43	140	0.0	0	0.0
Missing	557		5
Sex-gestation-specific birthweight centile
1–3	31,173	4.1	313	5.9	< 0.001
4–10	68,129	9.0	517	9.7
11–20	90,686	11.9	662	12.5
21–80	447,092	58.8	3029	57.1
81–90	64,956	8.5	407	7.7
91–97	40,956	5.4	265	5.0
98–100	16,969	2.2	110	2.1
Missing	969		11
5-min Apgar
1–3	3619	0.5	90	1.7	< 0.001
4–6	7181	1.0	121	2.3
7–10	742,359	98.6	5053	96.0
Missing	7771		50

ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, N number, SVD spontaneous vaginal delivery, CS Caesarean section

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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