Characteristics | Total (n = 8090) | Car or Taxi (n = 2325) | Walking (n = 957) | Cycling (n = 933) | Bus (n = 1937) | Subway (n = 1938) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self–reported work stress (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Low | 1155 (14.28) | 292 (12.56) | 154 (16.09) | 155 (16.61) | 323 (16.68) | 231 (11.92) |  |
 Moderate | 3580 (44.25) | 989 (42.54) | 445 (46.50) | 398 (42.66) | 840 (43.37) | 908 (46.85) |  |
 High | 3355 (41.47) | 1044 (44.90) | 358 (37.41) | 380 (40.73) | 774 (39.96) | 799 (41.23) |  |
Physical activity frequency (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Less than once every week | 4078 (50.41) | 1158 (49.81) | 346 (36.15) | 417 (44.69) | 1065 (54.98) | 1092 (56.35) | Â |
More than once every week | 2545 (31.46) | 793 (34.11) | 301 (31.45) | 285 (30.55) | 558 (28.81) | 608 (31.37) | Â |
More than once every day | 1467 (18.13) | 374 (16.09) | 310 (32.39) | 231 (24.76) | 314 (16.21) | 238 (12.28) | Â |
Physical activity intensity (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Mild (walking, Tai Chi, dancing) | 5525 (68.29) | 1579 (67.91) | 596 (62.28) | 549 (58.84) | 1408 (72.69) | 1393 (71.88) | Â |
Moderate (jogging, cycling, climbing) | 1869 (23.10) | 500 (21.51) | 252 (26.33) | 300 (32.15) | 413 (21.32) | 404 (20.85) | Â |
Vigorous (swimming, playing ball games, rope skipping) | 696 (8.60) | 246 (10.58) | 109 (11.39) | 84 (9.00) | 116 (5.99) | 141 (7.28) | Â |
Sleep duration (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 <  6 h/day | 7212 (89.15) | 2036 (87.57) | 843 (88.09) | 842 (90.25) | 1708 (88.18) | 1783 (92.00) |  |
 ≥ 6 h/day | 878 (10.85) | 289 (12.43) | 114 (11.91) | 91 (9.75) | 229 (11.82) | 155 (8.00) |  |
Current or previous smoker (n, %) | 1957 (24.19) | 766 (32.95) | 211 (22.05) | 254 (27.22) | 381 (19.67) | 345 (17.80) | < 0.0001 |
Current or previous alcohol consumption (n, %) | 3240 (40.05) | 1076 (46.28) | 371 (38.77) | 404 (43.30) | 706 (36.45) | 683 (35.24) | < 0.0001 |
 High vegetable intake (n, %) | 1014 (12.53) | 265 (11.40) | 127 (13.27) | 108 (11.58) | 249 (12.85) | 265 (13.67) | 0.1666 |
 Excessive meat intake (n, %) | 1086 (13.42) | 389 (16.73) | 102 (10.66) | 118 (12.65) | 220 (11.36) | 257 (13.26) | < 0.0001 |
 Excessive fat intake (n, %) | 387 (4.78) | 91 (3.91) | 52 (5.43) | 38 (4.07) | 89 (4.59) | 117 (6.04) | 0.0133 |
 Excessive salt intake (n, %) | 1746 (21.58) | 522 (22.45) | 202 (21.11) | 218 (23.37) | 430 (22.20) | 374 (19.30) | 0.0534 |
 Excessive sugar intake (n, %) | 722 (8.92) | 209 (8.99) | 72 (7.52) | 79 (8.47) | 186 (9.60) | 176 (9.08) | 0.4456 |
Medication history for hypertension (n, %) | 593 (7.33) | 206 (8.86) | 57 (5.96) | 86 (9.22) | 160 (8.26) | 84 (4.33) | < 0.0001 |
Medication history for diabetes (n, %) | 199 (2.46) | 69 (2.97) | 20 (2.09) | 40 (4.29) | 47 (2.43) | 23 (1.19) | < 0.0001 |
Medication history for dyslipidemia (n, %) | 168 (2.08) | 56 (2.41) | 17 (1.78) | 26 (2.79) | 39 (2.01) | 30 (1.55) | < 0.0001 |