Table 2 Multi-level regression exploring the association of sociodemographic, macroeconomic and environmental variables with life satisfaction in 27 EU countries, 2014–2015
Ordered regression modela | Logistic regression modelb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | p-value | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | p-value | 95% CI | |
Area of residence | ||||||
Rural (ref.) | ||||||
Urban | 1.00 | 0.597 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.98 | 0.098 | 0.96–1.00 |
Gender | ||||||
Female (ref.) | ||||||
Male | 0.91 | < 0.001 | 0.89–0.92 | 0.92 | < 0.001 | 0.90–0.94 |
Marital status | ||||||
Married (ref.) | ||||||
Single | 0.66 | < 0.001 | 0.64–0.68 | 0.66 | < 0.001 | 0.64–0.68 |
Divorced | 0.58 | < 0.001 | 0.56–0.59 | 0.59 | < 0.001 | 0.56–0.61 |
Widowed | 0.60 | < 0.001 | 0.58–0.62 | 0.61 | < 0.001 | 0.58–0.63 |
Other | 0.74 | < 0.001 | 0.67–0.82 | 0.74 | < 0.001 | 0.66–0.83 |
Occupation | ||||||
Employed (ref.) | ||||||
Houseperson | 0.83 | < 0.001 | 0.80–0.86 | 0.94 | 0.008 | 0.89–0.98 |
Student | 1.35 | < 0.001 | 1.29–1.41 | 1.40 | < 0.001 | 1.32–1.47 |
Unemployed | 0.44 | < 0.001 | 0.43–0.46 | 0.58 | < 0.001 | 0.55–0.61 |
Retired | 0.77 | < 0.001 | 0.75–0.79 | 0.89 | < 0.001 | 0.86–0.92 |
Age | ||||||
65+ years old (ref.) | ||||||
55–64 | 0.81 | < 0.001 | 0.79–0.83 | 0.81 | < 0.001 | 0.78–0.84 |
45–54 | 0.80 | < 0.001 | 0.77–0.83 | 0.79 | < 0.001 | 0.75–0.82 |
35–44 | 1.01 | 0.528 | 0.98–1.05 | 0.95 | 0.033 | 0.91–1.00 |
25–34 | 1.24 | < 0.001 | 1.19–1.29 | 1.15 | < 0.001 | 1.09–1.20 |
15–24 | 1.79 | < 0.001 | 1.71–1.89 | 1.65 | < 0.001 | 1.55–1.76 |
Difficulty paying bills | ||||||
Never (ref.) | ||||||
From time to time | 0.39 | < 0.001 | 0.38–0.40 | 0.38 | < 0.001 | 0.37–0.39 |
Most of the time | 0.14 | < 0.001 | 0.14–0.14 | 0.28 | < 0.001 | 0.27–0.30 |
Mean annual temperature | 0.98 | 0.203 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.98 | 0.396 | 0.93–1.03 |
Sunshine (h per day) | 0.94 | 0.171 | 0.87–1.03 | 0.93 | 0.204 | 0.83–1.04 |
Precipitation (per 100 L/m2) | 1.00 | 0.867 | 0.97–1.03 | 1.02 | 0.258 | 0.98–1.06 |
GDP per capita (per €1000) | 1.01 | 0.001 | 1.00–1.02 | 1.01 | 0.025 | 1.00–1.02 |
Affected by the crisis | ||||||
No (ref.) | ||||||
Yes | 1.01 | 0.943 | 0.85–1.19 | 1.16 | 0.195 | 0.92–1.47 |
Land use with heavy environmental impact (as % of total land) | 0.98 | 0.036 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.99 | 0.240 | 0.97–1.01 |
Season | ||||||
Spring (ref.) | ||||||
Summer | 0.91 | < 0.001 | 0.90–0.93 | 0.94 | < 0.001 | 0.92–0.97 |
Autumn | 0.97 | 0.013 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.96 | 0.002 | 0.94–0.98 |
Winter | 0.94 | < 0.001 | 0.92–0.97 | 0.90 | < 0.001 | 0.87–0.94 |