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Table 3 Multinomial Logit-model Estimation. Dependent Variable: drinking- frequency

From: Do the unemployed hit the bottle during economic downturns? An empirical approach for Spain

 

Base outcome = 0

(1)

(2)

(3)

Variable

 Pre-crisis (2006)

  Unemployed

−1.302 (− 4.46)

***

− 0.665 (− 1.78)

*

− 0.596 (− 3.52)

***

  Age

− 0.056 (− 6.33)

***

0.015 (1.31)

 

0.026 (4.07)

***

  Male

1.267 (7.09)

***

1.527 (6.09)

***

1.353 (10.31)

***

  Educ2

− 0.075 (− 0.29)

 

− 0.420 (−1.11)

 

−0.153 (− 0.81)

 

  Educ3

0.377 (1.61)

 

0.248 (0.80)

 

0.230 (1.30)

 

  Educ4

0.708 (2.22)

**

0.153 (0.33)

 

0.428 (1.67)

*

  Educ5

0.884 (3.43)

***

0.973 (3.08)

***

0.635 (3.15)

***

  Married

−0.540 (−2.97)

***

−0.054 (− 0.22)

 

− 0.033 (− 0.24)

 

  Nationality

− 0.388 (−1.20)

 

−0.205 (− 0.44)

 

−0.053 (− 0.21)

 

 Crisis (2011–2012)

  Unemployed

−0.079 (− 0.85)

 

− 0.695 (− 0.63)

 

−0.015 (− 0.23)

 

  Age

−0.030 (−9.16)

***

0.058 (1.72)

*

0.044 (19.62)

***

  Male

1.557 (20.36)

***

2.702 (2.46)

***

1.821 (35.41)

***

  Educ2

−0.418 (−4.57)

***

−0.303 (− 0.30)

 

− 0.126 (−1.96)

**

  Educ3

1.032 (6.92)

**

0.405 (0.32)

 

0.445 (5.52)

***

  Educ4

1.023 (5.81)

***

1.805 (1.43)

 

0.495 (4.47)

***

  Educ5

1.201 (7.81)

***

−12.119 (−0.03)

 

0.655 (7.52)

***

  Married

−0.376 (−4.80)

***

−1.425 (− 1.66)

*

− 0.069 (− 1.34)

 

  Nationality

− 0.501 (− 4.05)

***

2.735 (3.37)

***

− 0.346 (− 3.91)

***

  1. Drinking-frequency: 0 if does not drink alcohol, 1 if drinks alcohol only on weekends, 2 if drinks alcohol only on weekdays, and 3 if drinks alcohol on weekends and weekdays alike
  2. Education is categorized in terms of five levels of educational attainment (Educ1-Educ5, with Educ1 “primary education or below” being the reference category Educ2: Compulsory secondary education; Educ3: Non-compulsory and pre-university secondary education; Educ4: Specific labour training; Educ5: University graduate
  3. z-statistics in parentheses
  4. Observations: 4079 for 2006 and 11,321 for 2011–2012
  5. Reference category: the reverse one for each dichotomous variable
  6. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10.